(Inqaku lomhleli: Eli nqaku, liguqulelwe kwi-ulinkmedia.)
Iisensa ziye zanda kakhulu. Zazikho kudala ngaphambi kwe-Intanethi, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kudala ngaphambi kwe-Intanethi yezinto (IoT). Iisensa ezikrelekrele zanamhlanje ziyafumaneka kwiizicelo ezininzi kunangaphambili, imakethi iyatshintsha, kwaye kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela ukukhula.
Iimoto, iikhamera, ii-smartphones, kunye noomatshini basefektri abaxhasa i-Intanethi yezinto zezinye zeemarike ezininzi zezicelo zeesensors.
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Izinzwa kwiLizwe eliPhilayo le-Intanethi
Ngokufika kwe-Intanethi yezinto, ukwenziwa kwemveliso ibe yedijithali (siyibiza ngokuba yi-Industry 4.0), kunye nemizamo yethu eqhubekayo yokuguqula idijithali kuzo zonke iindawo zoqoqosho noluntu, ii-smart sensors ziyasetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo kwaye imakethi yee-sensor ikhula ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza.
Enyanisweni, ngandlela thile, ii-smart sensors zisisiseko "sokwenyani" se-Intanethi yezinto. Kweli nqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwe-iot, abantu abaninzi basachaza i-iot ngokwezixhobo ze-iot. I-Intanethi yezinto idla ngokubonwa njengenethiwekhi yezixhobo ezixhunyiweyo, kuquka ii-smart sensors. Ezi zixhobo zinokubizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokuva.
Ngoko ke ziquka ezinye iiteknoloji ezifana neesensa kunye nonxibelelwano ezinokulinganisa izinto kwaye ziguqule oko zikulinganisayo zibe yidatha enokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Injongo kunye nomxholo wesicelo (umzekelo, ukuba yeyiphi iteknoloji yoqhagamshelo esetyenziswayo) zimisela ukuba zeziphi iisensa ezisetyenziswayo.
IiSensors kunye neeSmart Sensors – Yintoni ebhalwe apha?
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Iinkcazo zeeSensors kunye neeSensors ezikrelekrele
Iisensors kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-IoT zisisiseko soluhlu lwetekhnoloji ye-IoT. Zibamba idatha efunekayo kwiinkqubo zethu zonxibelelwano kwaye ziyidlulisele kwiinkqubo zeqonga eliphezulu lonxibelelwano. Njengoko sichaza kwintshayelelo yethu kwitekhnoloji ye-iot, "iprojekthi" ye-iot ingasebenzisa iisensors ezininzi. Uhlobo kunye nenani leesensors ezisetyenzisiweyo zixhomekeke kwiimfuno zeprojekthi kunye nobukrelekrele beprojekthi. Thatha isixhobo seoli esikrelekrele: sinokuba namashumi amawaka eesensors.
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Inkcazo yeeSensors
Iisensors zii-converters, njengabantu ababizwa ngokuba zii-actuators. Iisensors ziguqula amandla ukusuka kwenye imo ukuya kwenye. Kwiisensors ezikrelekrele, oku kuthetha ukuba iisensors zinokuziva iimeko ezikwizixhobo eziqhagamshelwe kuzo nakwizinto ezibonakalayo ezizisebenzisayo (iimeko kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo).
Iisensors zinokubona kwaye zilinganise ezi parameters, iziganeko, okanye utshintsho kwaye zikwazi ukuzidlulisela kwiinkqubo ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinokusebenzisa idatha ukuze zilawule, zihlalutye, njalo njalo.
I-sensor sisixhobo esibona, silinganise, okanye sibonisa naluphi na ubungakanani obuthile bomzimba (njengokukhanya, ubushushu, intshukumo, ukufuma, uxinzelelo, okanye into efanayo) ngokuziguqula zibe lolunye uhlobo (ngokuyintloko ii-electrical pulses) (ezivela kwi-United Market Research Institute).
Iiparameters kunye neziganeko ezinokuthi izinzwa "zizive" kwaye zinxibelelane nazo ziquka ubuninzi obuphathekayo obufana nokukhanya, isandi, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, ukungcangcazela, ukufuma, ukubakho kwekhemikhali ethile okanye igesi, intshukumo, ukubakho kwamasuntswana othuli, njl.njl.
Ngokucacileyo, ii-sensors ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-Intanethi yezinto kwaye kufuneka zichaneke kakhulu kuba ii-sensors ziindawo zokuqala zokufumana idatha.
Xa isenzi siva kwaye sithumela ulwazi, i-actuator iyasebenza kwaye isebenza. I-actuator ifumana isignali kwaye imisela intshukumo efunekayo ukuze ithathe inyathelo kwindawo esingqongileyo. Umfanekiso ongezantsi uyenza ibonakale ngakumbi kwaye ubonisa ezinye zezinto "esinokuziva". Iisenzi ze-IoT zahlukile kuba zithatha uhlobo lweemodyuli zesenzi okanye iibhodi zophuhliso (ezidla ngokwenzelwe iimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa kunye nezicelo) njalo njalo.
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Inkcazo ye-Smart Sensor
Igama elithi “smart” lisetyenziswe namanye amagama amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba lisetyenziswe kwi-Intanethi yezinto. Izakhiwo ezikrelekrele, ulawulo lwenkunkuma olukrelekrele, amakhaya akrelekrele, iibhalbhu zokukhanya ezikrelekrele, izixeko ezikrelekrele, izibane zesitalato ezikrelekrele, iiofisi ezikrelekrele, iifektri ezikrelekrele njalo njalo. Kwaye, ewe, izinzwa ezikrelekrele.
Ii-Smart sensors zahlukile kwii-smart sensors kuba ii-smart sensors ziiplatfomu eziphambili ezineetekhnoloji ezikwi-intanethi ezifana nee-microprocessors, izixhobo zokugcina, zokuxilonga kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano eziguqula imiqondiso yempendulo yendabuko ibe ziingqiqo zedijithali zokwenyani (iDeloitte)
Ngowama-2009, i-International Frequency Sensors Association (IFSA) yenze uphando kubantu abaliqela abavela kwimfundo ephakamileyo nakwimizi-mveliso ukuze ichaze i-smart sensor. Emva kokutshintshela kwimiqondiso yedijithali ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kunye nokongezwa kweteknoloji entsha ngeminyaka yoo-1990, uninzi lwe-sensors lwalunokubizwa ngokuba zii-smart sensors.
Kwiminyaka yoo-1990 kwavela ingcamango "yokubala ngokubanzi", ethathwa njengento ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-Intanethi yezinto, ngakumbi njengoko i-embedded computing iqhubela phambili. Malunga ne-1990s phakathi, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-elektroniki yedijithali kunye netekhnoloji engenazingcingo kwiimodyuli ze-sensor kwaqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni njalo njalo kwaba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi. Namhlanje, oku kubonakala kwi-Intanethi yezinto. Enyanisweni, abanye abantu bakhankanye iinethiwekhi ze-sensor ngaphambi kokuba igama elithi i-Intanethi yezinto libekho. Ngoko ke, njengoko ubona, kuninzi okwenzekileyo kwindawo ye-sensor ekrelekrele ngo-2009.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-04-2021