Ngokusetyenziswa kwenethiwekhi ze-4G kunye ne-5G, umsebenzi we-2G kunye ne-3G ngaphandle kweintanethi kumazwe amaninzi nakwiindawo ezininzi uqhubela phambili ngokuthe ngcembe. Eli nqaku libonelela ngesishwankathelo seenkqubo ze-2G kunye ne-3G ngaphandle kweintanethi kwihlabathi liphela.
Njengoko iinethiwekhi ze-5G ziqhubeka nokusasazwa kwihlabathi liphela, i-2G kunye ne-3G ziyaphela. Ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-2G kunye ne-3G kuya kuba nefuthe ekusetyenzisweni kwe-iot kusetyenziswa ezi teknoloji. Apha, siza kuxoxa ngemiba ekufuneka amashishini ayiqwalasele ngexesha lenkqubo ye-2G/3G engaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kunye namanyathelo okuchasana nawo.
Impembelelo ye-2G kunye ne-3G ngaphandle kwe-intanethi kunxibelelwano lwe-iot kunye neendlela zokuthintela
Njengoko i-4G kunye ne-5G zisasazwa kwihlabathi liphela, umsebenzi we-2G kunye ne-3G ongaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kumazwe amaninzi nakwiindawo ezininzi uqhubeka kakuhle. Inkqubo yokuvala iinethiwekhi iyahluka ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye, nokuba kukubona kwabalawuli basekuhlaleni ukukhulula izixhobo ezixabisekileyo ze-spectrum, okanye kukubona kwabaqhubi benethiwekhi yeselula ukuvala iinethiwekhi xa iinkonzo ezikhoyo zingasivumeli ukuba ziqhubeke nokusebenza.
Iinethiwekhi ze-2G, ebezifumaneka kurhwebo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, zibonelela ngeqonga elihle lokusasaza izisombululo ze-iot ezisemgangathweni kwinqanaba lesizwe nelamazwe ngamazwe. Umjikelo wobomi obude bezisombululo ezininzi ze-iot, ezidla ngokuba ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10, kuthetha ukuba kusekho inani elikhulu lezixhobo ezinokusebenzisa iinethiwekhi ze-2G kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izisombululo ze-iot ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza xa i-2G kunye ne-3G zingasebenzi.
Ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-2G kunye ne-3G kuqalisiwe okanye kugqityiwe kwamanye amazwe, afana ne-US kunye ne-Australia. Imihla yahluka kakhulu kwezinye iindawo, uninzi lwaseYurophu luzimisele ukuphela kuka-2025. Ekugqibeleni, iinethiwekhi ze-2G kunye ne-3G ekugqibeleni ziya kuphuma ngokupheleleyo kwimarike, ngoko ke le yingxaki engenakuphepheka.
Inkqubo yokukhupha i-2G/3G iyahluka ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zemarike nganye. Amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla ibhengeze izicwangciso ze-2G kunye ne-3G ngaphandle kwe-intanethi. Inani leenethiwekhi ezivaliweyo liza kuqhubeka lisanda. Iinethiwekhi ze-2G kunye ne-3G ezingaphezu kwama-55 ziqikelelwa ukuba ziza kuvalwa phakathi kowama-2021 nowama-2025, ngokwedatha ye-GSMA Intelligence, kodwa ezi teknoloji zimbini aziyi kupheliswa ngaxeshanye. Kwezinye iimarike, i-2G kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke isebenza iminyaka elishumi nangaphezulu, njengoko iinkonzo ezithile ezifana neentlawulo zeselula e-Afrika kunye neenkqubo zokufowuna ngequbuliso (i-eCall) kwezinye iimarike zixhomekeke kwiinethiwekhi ze-2G. Kule meko, iinethiwekhi ze-2G zinokuqhubeka nokusebenza ixesha elide.
I-3G iza kuyeka nini ukuthengisa?
Ukupheliswa kweenethiwekhi ze-3G bekucetywa kangangeminyaka kwaye kucinyiwe kumazwe aliqela. Ezi marike zifikelele kakhulu kwi-4G kwaye ziphambili kuluhlu lokusasazwa kwe-5G, ngoko ke kuyavakala ukuvala iinethiwekhi ze-3G kunye nokusasaza i-spectrum kwiiteknoloji zesizukulwana esilandelayo.
Okwangoku, iinethiwekhi ze-3G ezininzi zivaliwe eYurophu kune-2G, kwaye omnye umqhubi eDenmark uvale inethiwekhi yakhe ye-3G ngo-2015. Ngokutsho kwe-GSMA Intelligence, abasebenzi abali-19 kumazwe ali-14 aseYurophu baceba ukuvala iinethiwekhi zabo ze-3G ngo-2025, ngelixa abasebenzi abasibhozo kuphela kumazwe asibhozo baceba ukuvala iinethiwekhi zabo ze-2G ngaxeshanye. Inani lokuvalwa kwenethiwekhi liyanda njengoko abathwali beenkonzo betyhila izicwangciso zabo. Ukuvalwa kwenethiwekhi ye-3G eYurophu Emva kokucwangcisa ngononophelo, uninzi lwabasebenzi lubhengeze imihla yabo yokuvalwa kwe-3G. Umkhwa omtsha ovelayo eYurophu kukuba abanye abasebenzi bayandisa ixesha lokusebenza elicwangcisiweyo le-2G. E-UK, umzekelo, ulwazi lwamva nje lubonisa ukuba umhla wokuqaliswa ocwangcisiweyo ka-2025 urhoxisiwe kuba urhulumente ufikelele kwisivumelwano nabaqhubi beefowuni ukugcina iinethiwekhi ze-2G zisebenza kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
· Iinethiwekhi ze-3G zaseMelika zivaliwe
Ukuvalwa kwenethiwekhi ye-3G eMelika kuqhubeka kakuhle ngokusasazwa kwenethiwekhi ye-4G kunye ne-5G, apho zonke iinkampani ezinkulu zijolise ekugqibezeleni ukusasazwa kwe-3G ekupheleni kuka-2022. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ummandla waseMelika ugxile ekunciphiseni ubungakanani be-2G njengoko iinkampani zisasaza i-5G. Abaqhubi basebenzisa i-spectrum ekhululwe kukusasazwa kwe-2G ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yeenethiwekhi ze-4G kunye ne-5G.
· Iinethiwekhi ze-2G zase-Asia zivale iinkqubo
Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo e-Asia bagcina iinethiwekhi ze-3G ngelixa bevala iinethiwekhi ze-2G ukuze basasaze i-spectrum kwiinethiwekhi ze-4G, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kulo mmandla. Ekupheleni kowama-2025, i-GSMA Intelligence ilindele ukuba abaqhubi abangama-29 bavale iinethiwekhi zabo ze-2G kwaye abali-16 bavale iinethiwekhi zabo ze-3G. Ummandla kuphela e-Asia ovale iinethiwekhi zawo ze-2G (2017) kunye ne-3G (2018) yiTaiwan.
E-Asia, kukho ezinye iimeko ezahlukileyo: abaqhubi baqale ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-3G ngaphambi kwe-2G. Umzekelo, eMalaysia, bonke abaqhubi bavale iinethiwekhi zabo ze-3G phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente.
E-Indonesia, ababini kwaba bathathu bavale iinethiwekhi zabo ze-3G kwaye owesithathu uceba ukuvala (okwangoku, akukho namnye kwaba bathathu onezicwangciso zokuvala iinethiwekhi zabo ze-2G).
· I-Afrika iyaqhubeka nokuthembela kwiinethiwekhi ze-2G
E-Afrika, i-2G iphindwe kabini ngobukhulu kune-3G. Iifowuni ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zisathatha i-42% yenani lilonke, kwaye ixabiso lazo eliphantsi likhuthaza abasebenzisi bokugqibela ukuba baqhubeke nokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo. Oku, ngako oko, kubangele ukungena okuncinci kweefowuni eziphathwayo, ngoko ke zimbalwa izicwangciso ezibhengeziweyo zokubuyisela i-intanethi kulo mmandla.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-14-2022