[Ukuya ku-B okanye hayi Ukuya ku-B, lo ngumbuzo. -- uShakespeare]
Ngo-1991, uNjingalwazi we-MIT uKevin Ashton waqala ukuphakamisa ingcamango ye-Intanethi yezinto.
Ngo-1994, indlu enkulu kaBill Gates enobuchule yagqitywa, yazisa izixhobo zokukhanyisa ezikrelekrele kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ubushushu ekrelekrele okokuqala. Izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezikrelekrele ziqala ukubonakala ebantwini abaqhelekileyo.
Ngo-1999, i-MIT yaseka "iZiko lokuZichaza ngokuzenzekelayo", elalicebisa ukuba "yonke into inokuqhagamshelwa ngenethiwekhi", kwaye yacacisa intsingiselo esisiseko ye-Intanethi yezinto.
Ngo-Agasti 2009, iNkulumbuso uWen Jiabao yabeka phambili i-“Sensing China”, i-iot yadweliswa ngokusemthethweni njengenye yemizi-mveliso emihlanu yeqhinga elisakhulayo yelizwe, ebhalwe kwi-“Government Work report”, i-iot itsale ingqalelo enkulu kuluntu lonke lwaseTshayina.
Emva koko, imakethi ayisapheleli kwiikhadi ezikrelekrele kunye neemitha zamanzi kuphela, kodwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, iimveliso ze-iot ukusuka ngasemva ukuya phambili, ukuya emehlweni abantu.
Kwiminyaka engama-30 yophuhliso lwe-Intanethi yezinto, imakethi iye yabona utshintsho oluninzi kunye nezinto ezintsha. Umbhali udibanise imbali yophuhliso lwe-To C kunye ne-To B, waza wazama ukujonga ixesha elidlulileyo ngokwembono yangoku, ukuze acinge ngekamva le-Intanethi yezinto, iza kuya phi?
Ku-C: Iimveliso ezintsha zitsala ingqalelo yoluntu
Kwiminyaka yokuqala, izinto zasekhaya ezikrelekrele, eziqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo, zazikhula njengeekhowa. Kwakamsinya nje xa ezi mveliso zabathengi, ezifana nezipikha ezikrelekrele, izacholo ezikrelekrele kunye neerobhothi ezishushu, ziphuma, ziyathandwa.
· Isithethi esikrelekrele siyawutshintsha umqondo wesithethi sasekhaya sendabuko, esinokuqhagamshelwa ngenethiwekhi engenazingcingo, sidibanise imisebenzi efana nolawulo lwefenitshala kunye nolawulo lwamagumbi amaninzi, kwaye sizise abasebenzisi amava amatsha okonwabisa. Izithethi ezikrelekrele zibonwa njengebhulorho yokunxibelelana neemveliso ezikrelekrele, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba zixatyiswe kakhulu ziinkampani ezininzi zobuchwepheshe ezifana neBaidu, Tmall kunye neAmazon.
· Isongo esikrelekrele seXiaomi esingasemva komdali, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweqela letekhnoloji yeHuami uqikelelo oluqinisekileyo, ukuveliswa kwebhendi yeXiaomi uninzi lwazo luthengisa iiyunithi ezisisigidi esinye, iziphumo ezingaphantsi konyaka kwimarike, ihlabathi lithengise iiyunithi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10; Ibhendi yesizukulwana sesibini ithumele iiyunithi ezingama-32 ezigidi, ibeka irekhodi yezixhobo ezikrelekrele zaseTshayina.
· Irobhothi yokumopha umgangatho: yanelisekile yimibono yabantu ngokwaneleyo, hlala esofeni ukuze ukwazi ukugqiba umsebenzi wasekhaya. Oku kudale nesibizo esitsha kraca esithi "uqoqosho oluvilaphayo", singonga ixesha lomsebenzi wasekhaya kumsebenzisi, xa nje siphuma sithandwa ngabathandi bemveliso abakrelekrele.
Isizathu sokuba iimveliso zeTo C zibe lula ukuzisebenzisa kwiminyaka yokuqala kukuba iimveliso ezikrelekrele ngokwazo zinefuthe elinamandla. Abasebenzisi abanefenitshala endala amashumi eminyaka, xa bebona irobhothi eshushu, iiwotshi zebracelet ezikrelekrele, izithethi ezikrelekrele kunye nezinye iimveliso, baya kuba phantsi komnqweno wokufuna ukwazi ukuthenga ezi mpahla zithandwayo, ngaxeshanye nokuvela kwamaqonga ahlukeneyo ezentlalo (i-WeChat circle yabahlobo, i-weibo, indawo ye-QQ, i-zhihu, njl.njl.) ziya kuba ziimpawu ze-amplifier, iimveliso ezikrelekrele kwaye zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza. Abantu banethemba lokuphucula umgangatho wobomi ngeemveliso ezikrelekrele. Abavelisi bonyuse nje kuphela ukuthengisa kwabo, kodwa nabantu abaninzi baye baqala ukuhoya i-Intanethi yezinto.
Kwikhaya elikrelekrele elijonge abantu, i-intanethi nayo ikhula ngokupheleleyo, inkqubo yayo yophuhliso ivelise isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-user portrait, saba ngamandla okuqhuba ukuqhuma ngakumbi kwekhaya elikrelekrele. Ngolawulo oluchanekileyo lwabasebenzisi, susa iintlungu zabo, ukuphindaphinda kwekhaya elikrelekrele elidala kwimisebenzi emininzi, iqela elitsha leemveliso nalo liyavela ngokungenasiphelo, imakethi iyachuma, inika abantu iphupha elihle.
Nangona kunjalo, kwimarike eshushu, abanye abantu nabo bayayibona imiqondiso. Ngokubanzi, abasebenzisi beemveliso ezikrelekrele, imfuno yabo ilula kakhulu kwaye ixabiso liyamkeleka. Xa lula lisonjululwe, abavelisi baya kuqala ukunciphisa ixabiso lemveliso, ukuze abantu abaninzi bakwazi ukwamkela ixabiso leemveliso ezikrelekrele, ukuze bafune imakethi engakumbi. Njengoko amaxabiso eemveliso ehla, ukukhula kwabasebenzisi kufikelela kwimida. Kukho inani elilinganiselweyo labasebenzisi abazimisele ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezikrelekrele, kwaye abantu abaninzi banesimo sengqondo sokuzigcina besebenzisa iimveliso ezikrelekrele. Abayi kuba ngabasebenzisi beemveliso ze-Intanethi yezinto ngexesha elifutshane. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhula kwemarike kubambeka kancinci kancinci.
Enye yezona mpawu zibonakalayo zokuthengiswa kwezindlu ezikrelekrele zii-smart door locks. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, i-door lock yayilungiselelwe i-B end. Ngelo xesha, ixabiso laliphezulu kwaye yayisetyenziswa kakhulu ziihotele ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kamva, emva kokuthandwa kwe-smart house, imakethi ye-C-terminal yaqala ukuphuhliswa kancinci kancinci ngokwanda kokuthunyelwa, kwaye ixabiso lemakethi ye-C-terminal lehla kakhulu. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba nangona imakethi ye-C-terminal ishushu, ukuthunyelwa okukhulu zii-smart door locks ezikumgangatho ophantsi, kwaye abathengi, ikakhulu abaphathi beehotele ezikumgangatho ophantsi kunye nee-dormitory zabantu abaqhelekileyo, injongo yokusebenzisa ii-smart door locks kukwenza lula ulawulo. Ngenxa yoko, abavelisi "bayekile ilizwi labo", kwaye bayaqhubeka nokungena nzulu kwiihotele, kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezinye iimeko zesicelo. Ukuthengisa i-smart door lock kumqhubi we-hostel homestays, banokuthengisa amawaka eemveliso ngaxeshanye, nangona inzuzo inciphile, kodwa kunciphisa iindleko ezininzi zokuthengisa.
Ku-B: IoT ivula isiqingatha sesibini sokhuphiswano
Ngokufika kobhubhane, ihlabathi lijongene notshintsho olukhulu olungakhange lubonwe kwinkulungwane. Njengoko abathengi beqinisa iimali zabo kwaye bengasafuni ukuchitha imali kuqoqosho olungazinzanga, ii-giants ze-Internet of Things zijika ziye kwi-B-terminal zikhangela ukukhula kwengeniso.
Nangona kunjalo, abathengi be-B-end bayafuneka kwaye bazimisele ukuchitha imali ukunciphisa iindleko nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweshishini. Nangona kunjalo, abathengi be-B-terminal badla ngokuba neemfuno eziqhekekileyo kakhulu, kwaye amashishini kunye namashishini ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobukrelekrele, ngoko ke iingxaki ezithile kufuneka zihlalutywe. Kwangaxeshanye, umjikelo wobunjineli weprojekthi ye-B-end udla ngokuba mde, kwaye iinkcukacha zinzima kakhulu, usetyenziso lobuchwephesha lunzima, iindleko zokusasazwa kunye nokuphuculwa ziphezulu, kwaye umjikelo wokubuyiselwa kweprojekthi mde. Kukwakho nemiba yokhuseleko lwedatha kunye nemiba yabucala ekufuneka ijongwane nayo, kwaye ukufumana iprojekthi esecaleni kwe-B akulula.
Nangona kunjalo, icala le-B leshishini linenzuzo enkulu, kwaye inkampani encinci yesisombululo se-iot enabathengi abambalwa abalungileyo becala le-B inokwenza inzuzo ezinzileyo kwaye isinde kubhubhane kunye nokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho. Kwangaxeshanye, njengoko i-Intanethi ikhula, italente eninzi kushishino igxile kwiimveliso ze-SaaS, nto leyo eyenza abantu baqale ukunikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kwicala le-B. Ngenxa yokuba i-SaaS yenza ukuba icala le-B liphindaphindwe, ikwabonelela ngomthombo oqhubekayo wenzuzo eyongezelelweyo (ukuqhubeka nokwenza imali kwiinkonzo ezilandelayo).
Ngokuphathelele imakethi, ubungakanani bemakethi yeSaaS bufikelele kwi-27.8 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2020, ukwanda kwe-43% xa kuthelekiswa no-2019, kwaye ubungakanani bemakethi yePaaS budlule kwi-10 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeerandi, ukwanda kwe-145% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Isiseko sedatha, i-middleware kunye neenkonzo ezincinci zikhule ngokukhawuleza. Umfutho onjalo, utsala ingqalelo yabantu.
Kwi-ToB (i-Intanethi yezinto zeShishini), abasebenzisi abaphambili ziiyunithi ezininzi zeshishini, kwaye iimfuno eziphambili ze-AIoT kukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko. Iimeko zesicelo ziquka ukwenziwa kwezinto ngobuchule, unyango olukrelekrele, ukujonga izinto ngobuchule, ukugcina izinto ngobuchule, ukuthutha izinto ngobuchule kunye nokupaka, kunye nokuqhuba ngokuzenzekelayo. La macandelo aneengxaki ezahlukeneyo, akukho mgangatho unokusonjululwa, kwaye kufuneka abe namava, aqonde ishishini, aqonde isoftware kwaye aqonde ukusetyenziswa kokuthatha inxaxheba kobungcali, ukuze kufezekiswe utshintsho lokuqala lobuchwephesha kwezoshishino. Ke ngoko, kunzima ukwandisa. Ngokubanzi, iimveliso ze-iot zifanelekile ngakumbi kumacandelo aneemfuno zokhuseleko eziphezulu (ezifana nokuveliswa kwemigodi yamalahle), ukuchaneka okuphezulu kwemveliso (ezifana nokuveliswa kwezinto eziphezulu kunye nonyango lwezonyango), kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lomgangatho wemveliso (ezifana neenxalenye, iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla kunye neminye imigangatho). Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-B-terminal iqalile kancinci ukubekwa kwezi ndawo.
Ukuya ku-C→Ukuya ku-B: Kutheni kukho utshintsho olunje?
Kutheni kukho utshintsho oluvela kwi-C-terminal ukuya kwi-B-terminal Internet of Things? Umbhali ushwankathela ezi zizathu zilandelayo:
1. Ukukhula kugcwele kwaye abasebenzisi abaneleyo. Abavelisi be-Iot banomdla wokufuna ijika lesibini lokukhula.
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesine kamva, i-Intanethi yezinto yaziwa ngabantu, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu ziye zavela eTshayina. Kukho iXiaomi esencinci, kukwakho notshintsho oluhamba kancinci lwenkokeli yefenitshala yendabuko uHalemy, kukho uphuhliso lwekhamera evela eHaikang Dahua, kukwakho nakwintsimi yemodyuli ukuba ibe yimpahla yokuqala yehlabathi yeYuanyucom… Kwiifektri ezinkulu nezincinci, uphuhliso lwe-Intanethi yezinto luyancipha ngenxa yenani elilinganiselweyo labasebenzisi.
Kodwa ukuba ubhukuda ngokuchasene nomsinga, uya kubuyela umva. Kunjalo nakwiinkampani ezifuna ukukhula okuqhubekayo ukuze ziphile kwiimarike ezinzima. Ngenxa yoko, abavelisi baqala ukwandisa ijika lesibini. I-Millet yakha imoto, ekubeni loo nto yaphoqeleka ukuba ingabi nakuzinceda; iHaikang Dahua, kwingxelo yonyaka iya kutshintsha ngokuzolileyo ishishini libe ngamashishini akrelekrele; iHuawei ithintelwe yi-United States kwaye ijika iye kwimarike ye-B-end. I-legion esekwe kunye neHuawei Cloud ziindawo zokungena kuzo ukuze zingene kwimarike ye-Intanethi yezinto nge-5G. Njengoko iinkampani ezinkulu zithontelana kwi-B, kufuneka zifumane indawo yokukhula.
2. Xa kuthelekiswa nesiphelo sendlela i-C, ixabiso lemfundo lesiphelo sendlela i-B liphantsi.
Umsebenzisi ngumntu ontsonkothileyo, ngomfanekiso womsebenzisi, angakwazi ukuchaza inxalenye yendlela aziphethe ngayo, kodwa akukho mthetho wokuqeqesha umsebenzisi. Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukufundisa abasebenzisi, kwaye iindleko zenkqubo yemfundo kunzima ukuzibala.
Nangona kunjalo, kumashishini, abenzi bezigqibo ngabaphathi benkampani, kwaye abaphathi uninzi lwabo ngabantu. Xa besiva ubukrelekrele, amehlo abo ayakhanya. Bafuna kuphela ukubala iindleko kunye neenzuzo, kwaye baya kuqala ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhangela izisombululo zokuguqula ezikrelekrele. Ingakumbi kule minyaka mibini, imeko-bume ayilunganga, ayinakuvula mthombo, inokunciphisa kuphela inkcitho. Kwaye yiloo nto ilungileyo kwi-Intanethi yezinto.
Ngokwedatha eqokelelwe ngumbhali, ukwakhiwa kwefektri ekrelekrele kunokunciphisa iindleko zomsebenzi kwindawo yokusebenzela yendabuko ngama-90%, kodwa kunciphise kakhulu umngcipheko wemveliso, kunciphise ukungaqiniseki okubangelwa yimpazamo yomntu. Ke ngoko, umphathi onemali eseleyo esandleni sakhe, uqalile ukuzama utshintsho olukrelekrele olungabizi kakhulu kancinci kancinci, ezama ukusebenzisa indlela ezenzekelayo neyokwenziwa, kancinci kancinci. Namhlanje, siza kusebenzisa iithegi ze-elektroniki kunye ne-RFID kwimilinganiselo kunye neempahla. Ngomso, siza kuthenga izithuthi ezininzi ze-AGV ukusombulula ingxaki yokuphatha. Njengoko ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo kusanda, imakethi ye-B-end iyavuleka.
3. Uphuhliso lwelifu luzisa amathuba amatsha kwi-Intanethi yezinto.
I-Ali Cloud, eyokuqala ukungena kwimarike yelifu, ngoku ibonelele nge-data cloud kumashishini amaninzi. Ukongeza kwi-server ephambili yelifu, i-Ali cloud iphuhlise phezulu nasezantsi. Uphawu lwentengiso lwegama lesizinda, uhlalutyo lokugcina idatha, ukhuseleko lwelifu kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, kunye nesicwangciso sokuguqula ngobuchule, sinokufumaneka kwizisombululo ze-Ali Cloud ezivuthiweyo. Kunokuthiwa iminyaka yokuqala yokulima, iqalile kancinci kancinci ukuba nesivuno, kwaye inzuzo yonyaka etyhilwe kwingxelo yayo yezemali ilungile, yeyona mvuzo ilungileyo yokulima kwayo.
Imveliso ephambili yeTencent Cloud yeyoluntu. Ithatha inani elikhulu lezixhobo zabathengi be-B-terminal ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezincinci, i-wechat pay, i-enterprise wechat kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezingaphandle. Ngokusekelwe koku, ihlala ijula kwaye iqinisa isikhundla sayo esiphambili kwicandelo lezentlalo.
I-Huawei Cloud, njenge-late-first, isenokuba yinyathelo elingasemva kwezinye iingxilimbela. Xa yangena kwimarike, iingxilimbela zazisele zixinene, ngoko ke i-Huawei Cloud ekuqaleni kwesabelo semarike, ayilunganga. Nangona kunjalo, inokubonwa kuphuhliso lweminyaka yakutshanje, i-Huawei cloud isekwicandelo lokuvelisa ukulwa nesabelo semarike. Isizathu kukuba i-Huawei yinkampani yokuvelisa kwaye inovelwano kakhulu kubunzima obukwishishini lokuvelisa izimboni, nto leyo evumela i-Huawei Cloud ukuba isombulule ngokukhawuleza iingxaki zeshishini kunye neendawo ezibuhlungu. Yile ndlela yokwenza i-Huawei Cloud ibe yenye yeengqimba ezintlanu eziphezulu kwihlabathi.
Ngokukhula kwe-cloud computing, ezi nkampani zinkulu ziye zaqaphela ukubaluleka kwedatha. Ilifu, njengomthwali wedatha, liye laba yinto ephikiswana ngayo kwiifektri ezinkulu.
Ku-B: Imarike iya phi?
Ngaba likho ikamva le-B end? Lowo usenokuba ngumbuzo osezingqondweni zabafundi abaninzi abafunda oku. Ngokuphathelele oku, ngokophando kunye noqikelelo lwamaziko ahlukeneyo, izinga lokungena kwi-B-terminal Internet yezinto lisephantsi kakhulu, malunga ne-10%-30%, kwaye uphuhliso lwemarike lusenendawo enkulu yokungena.
Ndineengcebiso ezimbalwa zokungena kwimarike ye-B-end. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhetha intsimi efanelekileyo. Amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele isangqa somthamo apho ishishini lawo langoku likhoyo, aqhubeke ephucula ishishini lawo eliphambili, anike izisombululo ezincinci kodwa ezintle, kwaye asombulule iimfuno zabathengi abathile. Ngokuqokelela iinkqubo, ishishini linokuba ngumjelo walo obalaseleyo emva kokuvuthwa. Okwesibini, kwishishini le-B-end, italente ibaluleke kakhulu. Abantu abanokusombulula iingxaki baze bavelise iziphumo baya kuzisa amathuba amaninzi kwinkampani. Okokugqibela, uninzi lweshishini kwicala le-B alungomcimbi omnye. Iinkonzo kunye nohlaziyo zinokubonelelwa emva kokuba iprojekthi igqityiwe, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho umlambo ozinzileyo wenzuzo ekufuneka ifunyenwe.
Isiphelo
Imarike ye-Intanethi yezinto ibisoloko iphuhliswa kangangeminyaka engama-30. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, i-Intanethi yezinto yayisetyenziswa kuphela kwi-B end. I-NB-IOT, imitha yamanzi yeLoRa kunye nekhadi le-RFID smart zabonelela ngokulula okukhulu kwimisebenzi yeziseko zophuhliso ezifana nokunikezelwa kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, umoya weempahla zabathengi ezikrelekrele uvuthuza ngamandla kakhulu, kangangokuba i-Intanethi yezinto itsale ingqalelo yoluntu kwaye yaba ziimpahla zabathengi ezifunwa ngabantu kangangexesha elithile. Ngoku, i-tuyere ihambile, i-C end yemarike yaqala ukubonisa umkhwa wokungakhathali, amashishini amakhulu aprofetiweyo aqalise ukulungisa umphetho, ukuya kwi-B end phambili kwakhona, enethemba lokufumana ezinye iinzuzo.
Kwiinyanga zakutshanje, i-AIoT Star Map Research Institute yenze uphando oluneenkcukacha nolunzulu kunye nohlalutyo kwishishini leempahla zabathengi ezikrelekrele, kwaye ikwaphakamisa ingcamango "yokuphila ubomi obukrelekrele".
Kutheni iindawo zokuhlala zabantu ezikrelekrele, endaweni yokuba yindawo yokuhlala yabantu abakrelekrele ngokwesiko? Emva kodliwanondlebe oluninzi kunye nophando, abahlalutyi bemephu yeenkwenkwezi ze-AIoT bafumanise ukuba emva kokubekwa kweemveliso ezikrelekrele ezizodwa, umda phakathi kwe-C-terminal kunye ne-B-terminal wancipha kancinci kancinci, kwaye iimveliso ezininzi zabathengi ezikrelekrele zadityaniswa zaza zathengiswa kwi-B-terminal, zenza iskimu esijolise kwimeko. Emva koko, ngeendawo zokuhlala zabantu ezikrelekrele le ndawo iya kuchaza imakethi yanamhlanje yamakhaya ekrelekrele, ichaneke ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-11-2022