Ekubeni imakethi ye-IoT ibishushu, abathengisi besoftware kunye neehardware abavela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi baqalile ukungena, kwaye emva kokuba imeko yemarike icacisiwe, iimveliso kunye nezisombululo ezihambelana neemeko zesicelo ziye zaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Kwaye, ukuze iimveliso/izisombululo zihlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi ngaxeshanye, abavelisi abafanelekileyo banokulawula kwaye bafumane ingeniso engaphezulu, itekhnoloji yokuziphanda iye yaba yindlela ephambili, ngakumbi itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano engeyoyeselula, xa sele ikwimarike kukho ikhulu lemeko echumayo.
Ngokuphathelele unxibelelwano oluncinci olungenazingcingo, kukho iBluetooth, iWi-Fi, iZigbee, iZ-Wave, iThread kunye nezinye iiteknoloji; ngokubhekisele kwinethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi enamandla aphantsi (LPWAN), kukwakho neSigfox, iLoRa, iZETA, iWIoTa, iTurmass kunye nezinye iiteknoloji ezahlukileyo.
Okulandelayo, eli phepha lishwankathela ngokufutshane imeko yophuhliso lwezinye zeteknoloji ezingasentla, kwaye lihlalutya iteknoloji nganye kwiinkalo ezintathu: ukuveliswa kwezicelo ezintsha, ucwangciso lwemarike, kunye notshintsho lwecandelo leshishini ukuxoxa ngemeko yangoku kunye neendlela zexesha elizayo zemarike yonxibelelwano ye-IoT.
Unxibelelwano oluncinci olungenazingcingo: Ukwandiswa kwendawo, uqhagamshelo lobuchwepheshe
Namhlanje, iteknoloji nganye encinci yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo isaqhubeka, kwaye utshintsho kwimisebenzi, ukusebenza kunye neemeko zohlengahlengiso lweteknoloji nganye lunokutyhilwa okuthile kwicala lemarike. Okwangoku, kukho into ethile yeteknoloji ye-To C To B ekuhlolweni kwendawo, kwaye kunxibelelwano lwetekhnoloji, ukongeza kwi-Matter protocol landing, unxibelelwano lwetekhnoloji oluhambanayo nalo lunenye inkqubela phambili.
ibluetooth
· I-Bluetooth 5.4 ikhutshiwe - Isicelo sokunyusa ixabiso le-elektroniki
Ngokwe-Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, i-ESL (i-Electronic Price Label) isebenzisa iskimu sedilesi yesixhobo (i-binary) equlathe i-ID ye-ESL enamanani asi-8 kunye ne-ID yeqela enamanani asi-7. Kwaye i-ID ye-ESL yahlukile phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, inethiwekhi yesixhobo se-ESL inokuqulatha amaqela afikelela kwi-128, ngalinye liqulathe izixhobo ze-ESL ezizodwa ezifikelela kwi-255 ezingamalungu elo qela. Ngamazwi alula, kwisicelo se-tag yexabiso le-elektroniki, ukuba kusetyenziswa inethiwekhi ye-Bluetooth 5.4, kunokubakho izixhobo ze-ESL ezingama-32,640 zizonke kwinethiwekhi, i-tag nganye inokulawulwa ukusuka kwindawo enye yokufikelela.
I-Wi-Fi
· Ukwandiswa kwendawo ukuya kwizihluthulelo zeminyango ezikrelekrele, njl.
Ukongeza kwizinto ezinxitywayo kunye nezithethi ezikrelekrele, iimveliso zasekhaya ezikrelekrele ezifana neentsimbi zomnyango, ii-thermostat, iiwotshi ze-alamu, abenzi bekofu kunye neebhalbhu zokukhanyisa ngoku ziqhagamshelwe kwiinethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi. Ukongeza, ii-smart locks kulindeleke ukuba zifikelele kwiinethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi ukuze zifumane iinkonzo ezingaphezulu. I-Wi-Fi 6 iyanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngelixa inyusa ukusetyenziswa kwedatha ngokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenethiwekhi kunye nokwandisa i-bandwidth.
· Ukubeka i-Wi-Fi kwindawo yayo kuyavulwa
Njengoko ukuchaneka kwendawo ye-Wi-Fi ngoku kufikelela kwi-1-2m kunye nemigangatho yesizukulwana sesithathu nesesine ephuhliswayo ngokusekelwe kwiinkonzo zendawo ye-Wi-Fi, ubuchwepheshe obutsha be-LBS buya kwenza ukuba kubekho uphuculo olukhulu ekuchanekeni ukuze kukhonze abathengi abaninzi, amashishini, amashishini, njl. UDorothy Stanley, umyili wemigangatho kwi-Aruba Networks kunye nosihlalo we-IEEE 802.11 Working Group, uthe ubuchwepheshe obutsha nobuphuculweyo be-LBS buya kwenza ukuba indawo ye-Wi-Fi ifudukele ngaphakathi kwe-0.1m. Ubuchwepheshe obutsha nobuphuculweyo be-LBS buya kwenza ukuba indawo ye-Wi-Fi ibekwe ngaphakathi kwe-0.1m, utshilo uDorothy Stanley, umyili wemigangatho kwi-Aruba Networks kunye nosihlalo we-IEEE 802.11 Working Group.
Inyosi yeZigbee
· Ukukhutshwa konxibelelwano oluthe ngqo lweZigbee Direct oludibeneyo lweBluetooth kwiifowuni eziphathwayo
Kubathengi, iZigbee Direct ibonelela ngendlela entsha yokusebenzisana ngokusebenzisa iBluetooth, ivumela izixhobo zeBluetooth ukuba zifikelele kwizixhobo kwinethiwekhi yeZigbee ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ilifu okanye ihabhu. Kule meko, inethiwekhi eZigbee inokunxibelelana ngqo nefowuni ngetekhnoloji yeBluetooth, ivumela ifowuni ukuba ilawule izixhobo kwinethiwekhi yeZigbee.
· Ukukhutshwa kweZigbee PRO 2023 kuphucula ukhuseleko lwesixhobo
I-Zigbee PRO 2023 yandisa uyilo lwayo lokhuseleko ukuze ilungelelanise ukusebenza kwe-hub-centric "ngokusebenza nazo zonke ii-hubs", uphawu oluphucula iinethiwekhi ezihlala ziqinileyo ze-hub-centric ngokunceda izixhobo zichonge eyona node yomzali ifanelekileyo ukuze ijoyine ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye iphinde ijoyine inethiwekhi. Ukongeza, ukongezwa kwenkxaso kwi-European (800 Mhz) kunye ne-North American (900 MHZ) sub-gigahertz frequency kunika amandla aphezulu esignali kunye nobubanzi bokuxhasa iimeko zokusetyenziswa okungakumbi.
Ngolu lwazi lungasentla, akunzima ukufikelela kwizigqibo ezibini, esokuqala kukuba indlela yokuhlaziya ubuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano itshintsha kancinci kancinci ukusuka ekuphuculeni ukusebenza ukuya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko zesicelo kwaye ibonelela ngeemveliso ezintsha kumaqabane ekhonkco loshishino; okwesibini kukuba ukongeza kwi-Matter protocol kwi-"barriers" yokunxibelelana, ubuchwepheshe bukwakwi-two-way interconnection kunye ne-interoperability.
Kakade ke, unxibelelwano oluncinci olungenazingcingo njengothungelwano lwengingqi luyinxalenye nje yonxibelelwano lwe-IoT, kwaye ndikholelwa ukuba ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo be-LPWAN obushushu, bukwatsala ingqalelo enkulu.
I-LPWAN
· Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwecandelo leshishini, indawo enkulu yemarike yaphesheya
Ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala xa ubuchwepheshe baqala ukuvela ukuze busetyenziswe kwaye buthandwe, ukuya ekufuneni namhlanje uphuhliso lwezicelo ukuze kuthathwe iimarike ezininzi, indlela yokwenziwa ngokutsha kweteknoloji itshintsha ngendlela emangalisayo. Kuyaqondakala ukuba ukongeza kwiteknoloji encinci yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo, kuninzi okwenzekileyo kwimarike ye-LPWAN kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
LoRa
· ISemtech ithenge iSierra Wireless
USemtech, umdali wetekhnoloji yeLoRa, uza kudibanisa itekhnoloji ye-LoRa engenazingcingo kwiimodyuli zeselfowuni zeSierra Wireless kunye nokuthengwa kweSierra Wireless, inkampani egxile kwiimodyuli zonxibelelwano lweselfowuni, kwaye ngokudibanisa iimveliso zeenkampani ezimbini, abathengi baya kukwazi ukufikelela kwiqonga lefu le-IoT eliza kujongana nemisebenzi emininzi kuquka ulawulo lwesixhobo abathengi baya kukwazi ukufikelela kwiqonga lefu le-IoT eliza kujongana nemisebenzi emininzi kuquka ulawulo lwesixhobo, ulawulo lwenethiwekhi kunye nokhuseleko.
· Iingcango ezi-6 yezigidi, iindawo zokuphela ezizizigidi ezingama-300
Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba iLoRa iphuhla ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe ngalinye, apho iTshayina isiya "kuthungelwano lwengingqi" kwaye amazwe angaphandle aqhubeka nokwakha iiWAN ezinkulu. Kuyaqondakala ukuba iqonga leHelium langaphandle (iHelium) libonelela ngenkxaso enkulu yokugubungela isango leLoRa ngokusekelwe kwindlela yomvuzo wezinto zedijithali kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa. Abaqhubi bayo eMntla Melika baquka iActility, iSenet, iX-TELIA, njl.
I-Sigfox
· Ukudibana kweTekhnoloji eNninzi kunye neNtsebenziswano
Ukusukela oko inkampani ye-IoT yaseSingapore i-UnaBiz yathenga i-Sigfox kunyaka ophelileyo, le yokuqala iye yahlengahlengisa ukusebenza kwe-Sigfox, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele ekudibaneni kwetekhnoloji, kwaye i-Sigfox ngoku idibanisa ezinye iitekhnoloji ze-LPWA kunye neetekhnoloji ezincinci zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo kwiinkonzo zayo. Kutshanje, i-UnaBiz iququzelele ukusebenzisana kwe-Sigfox kunye ne-LoRa.
· Utshintsho kwiModeli yeShishini
I-UnaBiz yaphinda yaseka isicwangciso seshishini seSigfox kunye nomzekelo wayo weshishini. Ngaphambili, isicwangciso seSigfox sokuthatha isigqibo sokuphuhlisa amandla ehlabathi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo nokuba ngumsebenzisi ngokwaso sazithomalalisa iinkampani ezininzi kuluhlu lweshishini ngenxa yolawulo lwayo olungqongqo kwinkqubo yetekhnoloji, nto leyo eyayifuna amaqabane asekelwe kwinethiwekhi yeSigfox ukuba abelane ngemali eninzi yengeniso yenkonzo, njl. Kwaye namhlanje, endaweni yokugxila kuphela kwimisebenzi yenethiwekhi, i-UnaBiz igxile kakhulu kumashishini aphambili ukubonelela ngeenkonzo, ilungisa isicwangciso sokusebenza sabachaphazelekayo abaphambili (amaqabane, abathengi kunye nabaqhubi beSigfox) kwaye inciphisa kakhulu ilahleko zeSigfox nge-2/3 ekupheleni kuka-2022 xa kuthelekiswa nokuphela kuka-2021.
I-ZETA
· I-ecology evulelekileyo, uphuhliso lwentsebenziswano yochungechunge lweshishini
Ngokungafaniyo neLoRa, apho i-95% yeetships iveliswa yiSemtech ngokwayo, ishishini leetships kunye neemodyuli zeZETA linabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi, kuquka iSTMicroelectronics (ST), iSilicon Labs, kunye neSocionext kwamanye amazwe, kunye nabavelisi be-semiconductor basekhaya abafana neQuanxin Micro, iHuapu Micro, kunye neZhipu Micro. Ukongeza, i-ZETA isebenzisana ne-socionext, iHuapu Micro, iZhipu Micro, iDaYu Semiconductor kunye nabanye abavelisi beetships, abangaphelelanga ekusetyenzisweni kweemodyuli zeZETA, banokunika ilayisenisi ye-IP kubavelisi abahlukeneyo bezicelo kushishino, benze i-ecology evulekileyo ngakumbi.
· Uphuhliso lweqonga le-ZETA PaaS
Ngeqonga le-ZETA PaaS, abaphuhlisi banokwenza izisombululo zeemeko ezininzi; ababoneleli ngetekhnoloji banokusebenzisana ne-IoT PaaS ukufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwabathengi; abavelisi banokuqhagamshela kwimarike ngokukhawuleza kwaye banciphise iindleko zizonke. Ukongeza, ngeqonga le-PaaS, isixhobo ngasinye se-ZETA sinokudlula kwiindidi kunye nemida yeemeko ukuze siqhagamshelane, ukuze sihlolisise ixabiso lesicelo sedatha engakumbi.
Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-LPWAN, ingakumbi ukubhanga kunye "novuko" lweSigfox, kunokubonwa ukuba, ukuze kufunyanwe unxibelelwano olungakumbi, itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano ye-IoT ifuna amaqabane oshishino ukuba aphuhlise ngokubambisana kwaye aphucule ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabachaphazelekayo kunye nengeniso. Kwangaxeshanye, sinokubona nokuba ezinye itekhnoloji ezifana neLoRa kunye ne-ZETA nazo ziphuhlisa ngenkuthalo i-ecology.
Ngamafutshane, xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo xa kwazalwa iteknoloji yonxibelelwano kwaye umnini-teknoloji ngamnye wayesebenza ngokwahlukeneyo, umkhwa omkhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukudibana, kubandakanya ukuhambelana kweteknoloji ezincinci zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni, kunye neteknoloji ze-LPWAN ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni.
Kwelinye icala, izinto ezifana nokuphuma kwedatha kunye nokubambezeleka, ezazikade zigxile ekuphindaphindweni kwetekhnoloji, ngoku ziye zaba ziimfuno ezisisiseko, kwaye ingqwalasela yokuphindaphinda kwetekhnoloji ngoku ikwindawo ekwandiseni imeko kunye neenkonzo. Utshintsho kwicala lokuphindaphinda kuthetha ukuba inani labathathi-nxaxheba kushishino liyanda kwaye i-ecology iyaphucuka. Njengesiseko sonxibelelwano lwe-IoT, iteknoloji yonxibelelwano ayizukuyeka unxibelelwano "oluqhelekileyo" kwixesha elizayo, kodwa iya kuba neengcinga ezintsha.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-27-2023