Yintoni i-5G LAN?

Umbhali: Ulink Media

Wonke umntu kufuneka aqhelane ne-5G, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-4G kunye netekhnoloji yethu yamva nje yonxibelelwano lweselula.

Kwi-LAN, kufuneka uqhelene nayo ngakumbi. Igama layo elipheleleyo yinethiwekhi yendawo, okanye i-LAN. Inethiwekhi yethu yasekhaya, kunye nenethiwekhi eofisini yenkampani, ngokuyintloko yi-LAN. Nge-Wireless Wi-Fi, yi-Wireless LAN (WLAN).

Kutheni ke ndisithi i-5G LAN inomdla?

I-5G yinethiwekhi ebanzi yeselula, ngelixa i-LAN iyinethiwekhi yedatha yendawo encinci. Ezi teknoloji zimbini zibonakala zinganxulumananga.

Ngamanye amazwi, i-5G kunye ne-LAN ngamagama amabini aziwa ngumntu wonke ngokwahlukeneyo. Kodwa xa edibene, kuyabhidisa kancinci. Akunjalo?

I-5G LAN, Yintoni kanye kanye?

Enyanisweni, i-5G LAN, ukuyibeka ngokulula, kukusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-5G "ukuqokelela" kunye "nokwakha" iiterminals ukwenza inethiwekhi ye-LAN.

Wonke umntu unefowuni ye-5G. Xa usebenzisa iifowuni ze-5G, ngaba ukhe waphawula ukuba ifowuni yakho ayikwazi ukukhangela abahlobo bakho nokuba bakufutshane (nokuba bajongene ubuso ngobuso)? Ninganxibelelana kuba idatha ihamba yonke indawo iye kwiiseva zomphathi wakho okanye umboneleli weenkonzo ze-intanethi.

Kwizikhululo ezisisiseko, zonke iiterminals eziphathwayo "zahlulwe" enye kwenye. Oku kusekelwe kwiingqwalasela zokhuseleko, iifowuni zisebenzisa iitshaneli zazo, aziphazamisani.

Kwelinye icala, i-LAN iqhagamshela iiterminals (iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyutha, njl.njl.) kwindawo enye ukuze zenze "iqela". Oku akupheleli nje ekuncedeni ukudluliselwa kwedatha phakathi komnye nomnye, kodwa kukwagcina nokuphuma kwe-extranet.

Kwi-LAN, ii-terminals zingafumanana ngokusekelwe kwiidilesi zazo ze-MAC kwaye zifumanene (unxibelelwano lweLayer 2). Ukuze ufikelele kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle, ukuseta i-router, ngokusebenzisa indawo ye-IP, kunokufezekisa ukuhanjiswa nokungena (unxibelelwano lweLayer 3).

Njengoko sonke sisazi, “i-4G iya kutshintsha ubomi bethu, kwaye i-5G iya kutshintsha uluntu lwethu”. Njengeyona teknoloji yonxibelelwano lweselula iphambili okwangoku, i-5G ithwele uthumo “lwe-Intanethi yayo yonke into kunye notshintsho lwedijithali lwamakhulu emigca namawaka emizi-mveliso”, ekufuneka incede abasebenzisi abakwimizi-mveliso ethe nkqo ukuba baqhagamshele.

Ke ngoko, i-5G ayinakukwazi ukuqhagamshela zonke iiterminal kwilifu kuphela, kodwa ikwazi nokwenza "unxibelelwano olukufutshane" phakathi kweeterminal.

Ke ngoko, kwi-3GPP R16 standard, i-5G LAN yazisa olu phawu lutsha.

Imigaqo kunye neempawu ze-5G LAN

KwiNethiwekhi ye-5G, abalawuli banokutshintsha idatha kwisiseko sedatha somsebenzisi (izinto zenethiwekhi ye-UDM), batyikitye isivumelwano senkonzo ngenombolo ethile ye-UE, baze emva koko bawahlule abe ngamaqela enethiwekhi ye-Virtual (VN) efanayo okanye eyahlukileyo.

Isiseko sedatha somsebenzisi sibonelela ngolwazi lweqela le-VN lenombolo yesiphelo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokufikelela kwizinto zenethiwekhi yolawulo (i-SMF, i-AMF, i-PCF, njl.njl.) zenethiwekhi ephambili ye-5G (5GC). I-NE yolawulo idibanisa olu lwazi kunye nemithetho yemigaqo-nkqubo kwiiLans ezahlukeneyo. Le yi-5G LAN.

I-5G LAN ixhasa unxibelelwano lweLayer 2 (icandelo lenethiwekhi elifanayo, ukufikelela ngqo komnye nomnye) kunye nonxibelelwano lweLayer 3 (kumacandelo enethiwekhi, ngoncedo lwe-routing). I-5G LAN ixhasa i-unicast kunye ne-multicast kunye nokusasazwa. Ngamafutshane, imo yokufikelela kumacala omabini iguquguquka kakhulu, kwaye uthungelwano lulula kakhulu.

Ngokuphathelele umda, i-5G LAN ixhasa unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-UPF efanayo (into yenethiwekhi esecaleni yemidiya yenethiwekhi ephambili ye-5G) kunye nee-UPF ezahlukeneyo. Oku kufana nokuphula umda womgama ophakathi kwee-terminals (kwaneBeijing neShanghai zinokunxibelelana).

Ngokukodwa, iinethiwekhi ze-5G LAN zinokuqhagamshela kwiinethiwekhi zedatha ezikhoyo zabasebenzisi ukuze zifake iplagi kwaye zidlale kwaye zifikeleleke ngokufanayo.

Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye neenzuzo ze-5G LAN

I-5G LAN ivumela ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokunxibelelana phakathi kwee-terminals ze-5G ezichaziweyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-LAN yeselula ngakumbi kumashishini. Abafundi abaninzi bayaqiniseka ukuba bayabuza, ngaba ukuhambahamba akukwazi kakade ngetekhnoloji ye-Wi-Fi ekhoyo? Kutheni kufuneka i-5G LAN?

Ungakhathazeki, masiqhubeke.

Uthungelwano lwasekuhlaleni oluqhutywa yi-5G LAN lunokunceda amashishini, izikolo, oorhulumente, kunye neentsapho ukuba banxibelelane ngcono nee-terminals kummandla. Lungasetyenziswa kwinethiwekhi yeofisi, kodwa ixabiso lalo elikhulu likwinguqu kwimeko yemveliso yepaki kunye notshintsho lwenethiwekhi esisiseko yamashishini emveliso afana nokuvelisa amashishini, ii-terminals zezibuko kunye nemigodi yamandla.

Ngoku sikhuthaza i-intanethi yemizi-mveliso. Sikholelwa ukuba i-5G inokwenza ukuba iindawo zemizi-mveliso zibe zedijithali kuba i-5G yiteknoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo ebalaseleyo ene-bandwidth enkulu kunye nokulibaziseka okuphantsi, enokwenza uqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo zemveliso kwiindawo zemizi-mveliso.

Umzekelo, thabatha imveliso yemizi-mveliso. Ngaphambili, ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuze kufezekiswe ulawulo lwezixhobo, kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe "bebhasi yemizi-mveliso". Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zale teknoloji, ezinokuchazwa njenge "yonke indawo".

Kamva, ngokuvela kwetekhnoloji ye-Ethernet kunye ne-IP, eli shishini lenze isivumelwano, kunye nophuhliso lwe-Ethernet, kukho "i-Ethernet yezimboni". Namhlanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani na osebenzisa i-protocol yokunxibelelana kwezimboni, ngokusisiseko isekelwe kwi-Ethernet.

Kamva, iinkampani zoshishino zafumanisa ukuba uqhagamshelo olunezintambo luthintela ukuhambahamba kakhulu — bekukho “i-braid” ngasemva kwesixhobo eyayithintela ukuhambahamba ngokukhululekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, indlela yokusasazwa koqhagamshelo olunentambo inzima ngakumbi, ixesha lokwakha lide, iindleko ziphezulu. Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngesixhobo okanye intambo, ukutshintshwa kwayo kucotha kakhulu. Ngoko ke, eli shishini laqala ukucinga ngokwazisa itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo.

Ngenxa yoko, i-Wi-Fi, iBluetooth kunye nezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe zingene kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso.

Ngoko ke, ukubuyela kumbuzo odlulileyo, kutheni usebenzisa i-5G LAN xa kukho i-Wi-Fi?

Nantsi isizathu:

1. Ukusebenza kweenethiwekhi zeWi-Fi (ingakumbi iWi-Fi 4 kunye neWi-Fi 5) akulunganga njenge-5G.

Ngokuphathelele izinga lokudluliselwa kunye nokulibaziseka, i-5G inokuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zeerobhothi zoshishino (ulawulo lwe-manipulator), ukuhlolwa komgangatho okrelekrele (ukuqatshelwa komfanekiso ngesantya esiphezulu), i-AGV (isithuthi sezothutho esingenamntu) kunye nezinye iimeko.

Ngokuphathelele ukugubungela, i-5G inendawo enkulu yokugubungela kune-Wi-Fi kwaye inokugubungela ngcono ikhampasi. Amandla e-5G okutshintsha phakathi kweeseli nawo anamandla kune-Wi-Fi, nto leyo eya kuzisa abasebenzisi amava angcono enethiwekhi.

2. Iindleko zokulungisa inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ziphezulu.

Ukuze kwakhiwe inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi epakini, amashishini kufuneka afake iingcingo aze azithengele izixhobo zawo. Izixhobo ziyaphelelwa lixabiso, zonakaliswe kwaye zitshintshwe, kodwa zigcinwa ngabasebenzi abakhethekileyo. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ze-Wi-Fi, kwaye uqwalaselo luyingxaki.

I-5G yahlukile. Yakhiwe kwaye igcinwa ngabaqhubi kwaye iqeshiswa ngamashishini (i-Wi-Fi xa ithelekiswa ne-5G ifana nokwakha igumbi lakho xa kuthelekiswa ne-cloud computing).

Xa zizonke, i-5G iya kuba nexabiso eliphantsi ngakumbi.

3. I-5G LAN inemisebenzi enamandla ngakumbi.

Ukwahlulwa kwe-VN kwi-5G LAN kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili. Ukongeza ekuhlukanisweni konxibelelwano, umsebenzi obaluleke ngakumbi wokwahlulwa kwe-VN kukufezekisa umahluko we-QoS (inqanaba lenkonzo) kwiinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, ishishini linenethiwekhi yeofisi, inethiwekhi yenkqubo ye-IT, kunye nenethiwekhi ye-OT.

I-OT imele iTekhnoloji yokuSebenza. Yinethiwekhi edibanisa okusingqongileyo kwezoshishino kunye nezixhobo, ezinje ngeelathe, iingalo zerobhothi, izinzwa, izixhobo, ii-AGV, iinkqubo zokubeka esweni, ii-MES, ii-PLCS, njl.njl.

Iinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ezinye zifuna i-latency ephantsi, ezinye zifuna i-bandwidth ephezulu, kwaye ezinye zineemfuno ezimbalwa.

I-5G LAN ingachaza ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okwahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumaqela ahlukeneyo e-VN. Kwamanye amashishini, ibizwa ngokuba yi-"micro slice".

4. I-5G LAN kulula ukuyilawula kwaye ikhuselekile ngakumbi.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, idatha yokusayina yomsebenzisi inokutshintshwa kwiindlela ze-5G UDM zabathwali ukuze bahlanganise abasebenzisi babe ngamaqela e-VN. Ngoko ke, ngaba kufuneka siye kwinkonzo yabathengi yabathwali ngalo lonke ixesha xa sifuna ukutshintsha ulwazi lweqela lesiphelo (joyina, cima, tshintsha)?

Akunjalongo noko.

Kwiinethiwekhi ze-5G, abaqhubi banokuvula imvume yokuguqula abalawuli benethiwekhi yeshishini ngokuphuhlisa ii-interfaces, okuvumela ukuguqulwa kwenkonzo yokuzisebenzela.

Kakade ke, amashishini angazibekela imigaqo-nkqubo yawo yenethiwekhi yabucala ngokweemfuno zawo.

Xa kumiselwa uqhagamshelo lwedatha, amashishini anokuseta iindlela zokugunyazisa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulawula ngokungqongqo amaqela e-VN. Olu khuseleko luqinile kwaye lulula ngakumbi kune-Wi-Fi.

Isifundo setyala se-5G LAN

Makhe sijonge iingenelo ze-5G LAN ngokusebenzisa umzekelo othile wothungelwano.

Okokuqala, ishishini lokuvelisa, lineworkshop yalo, umgca wokuvelisa (okanye ilathe), kufuneka lidibanise isiphelo solawulo se-PLC kunye ne-PLC ngenethiwekhi.

Umgca ngamnye wokudibanisa unezixhobo ezininzi, nazo ezizimeleyo. Kungcono ukufaka iimodyuli ze-5G kwisixhobo ngasinye kumgca wokudibanisa. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi kuya kubiza kancinci kweli nqanaba.

Emva koko, ukuqaliswa kwe-5G industrial gateway, okanye i-5G CPE, kunokuphucula ukusebenza kweendleko. Ifanelekile kwiintambo, iqhagamshelwe kwi-port enezintambo (i-Ethernet port, okanye i-PLC port). Ifanelekile kwiintambo ezingenazingcingo, iqhagamshelwe kwi-5G okanye kwi-Wi-Fi.

Ukuba i-5G ayixhasi i-5G LAN (ngaphambi kwe-R16), kunokwenzeka ukuba unxibelelwano luqhagamshelwe phakathi kwe-PLC kunye nomlawuli we-PLC. Nangona kunjalo, lonke inethiwekhi ye-5G yiprotocol yeLayer 3 exhomekeke kwidilesi ye-IP, kwaye idilesi yesiphelo ikwayidilesi ye-IP, engaxhasi ukuthunyelwa kwedatha yeLayer 2. Ukuze kufezekiswe unxibelelwano oluvela ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni, kufuneka kongezwe i-AR (Access Router) kumacala omabini ukuze kusekwe itonela, kufakwe iprotocol yeLayer 2 yeshishini kwitonela, kwaye ifike kwi-peer end.

Le ndlela ayinyusi nje kuphela ubunzima, kodwa ikwanyusa neendleko (ixabiso lokuthenga i-AR router, abasebenzi bokumiselwa kwe-AR router kunye neendleko zexesha). Ukuba ucinga ngeworkshop enamawaka emigca, iindleko ziya kuba zinkulu kakhulu.

Emva kokwaziswa kwe-5G LAN, inethiwekhi ye-5G ixhasa ukuhanjiswa ngqo kweprotocol yeLayer 2, ngoko ke ii-AR routers azisafuneki. Kwangaxeshanye, inethiwekhi ye-5G inokubonelela ngeendlela zeeterminals ezingenazo iidilesi ze-IP, kwaye i-UPF inokubona iidilesi ze-MAC zeeterminals. Inethiwekhi yonke iba yinethiwekhi encinci yomaleko omnye, enokunxibelelana kwenye kwi-layer 2.

Amandla okuxhuma nokudlala e-5G LAN anokuzidibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo neenethiwekhi zabathengi ezikhoyo, anciphise impembelelo kwiinethiwekhi zabathengi ezikhoyo, kwaye asindise iindleko ezininzi ngaphandle kokuhlaziya nokuphucula okunzima.

Ngokwembono enkulu, i-5G LAN yintsebenziswano phakathi kweteknoloji ye-5G kunye ne-Ethernet. Kwixesha elizayo, uphuhliso lweteknoloji ye-TSN (inethiwekhi evakalelwa lixesha) esekelwe kwiteknoloji ye-Ethernet alunakwahlulwa kuncedo lwe-5G LAN.

Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba i-5G LAN, ukongeza ekubeni iluncedo ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi yepaki, ingasetyenziswa njengesongezelelo kwinethiwekhi yesiqhelo yamashishini azinikeleyo ukuqhagamshela amasebe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Imodyuli ye-5G LAN

Njengoko ubona, i-5G LAN yiteknoloji ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwi-5G kumashishini athe nkqo. Ingakha unxibelelwano oluqinileyo lwenethiwekhi yabucala ye-5G ukunceda abathengi bakhawulezise utshintsho lwabo lwedijithali kunye nokuphucula.

Ukuze kusetyenziswe ngcono i-5G LAN, ukongeza kuphuculo lwecala lenethiwekhi, inkxaso yemodyuli ye-5G nayo iyafuneka.

Kwinkqubo yokufika kwezorhwebo ngobuchwepheshe be-5G LAN, i-Unigroup Zhangrui yaqalisa iqonga lokuqala le-5G R16 Ready baseband chip kushishino — V516.

Ngokusekelwe kweli qonga, iQuectel, umenzi weemodyuli ophambili eTshayina, iphuhlise ngempumelelo inani leemodyuli ze-5G ezixhasa ubuchwepheshe be-5G LAN, kwaye ziye zathengiswa, kuquka i-RG500U, i-RG200U, i-RM500U kunye nezinye iimodyuli zephakheji ze-LGA, i-M.2, iMini PCIe.