Yintoni i-5G LAN?

Umbhali: Ulink Media

Wonke umntu kufuneka aqhelane ne-5G, ekukuvela kwe-4G kunye nobuchwepheshe bethu bonxibelelwano beselula.

Kwi-LAN, kufuneka uqhelane nayo. Igama layo elipheleleyo yinethiwekhi yendawo yendawo, okanye i-LAN. Inethiwekhi yethu yasekhaya, kunye nenethiwekhi kwiofisi yeshishini, ngokusisiseko yiLAN. Nge-Wi-Fi engenazingcingo, yi-LAN engenazingcingo (WLAN).

Ke kutheni ndisithi i-5G LAN inomdla?

I-5G yinethiwekhi yeselula ebanzi, ngelixa i-LAN yindawo encinci yedatha yedatha. Ezi teknoloji zimbini zibonakala zinganxulumananga.

Ngamanye amazwi, i-5G kunye ne-LAN ngamagama amabini awaziyo wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo. Kodwa kunye, kuyabhideka kancinane. Akunjalo?

I-5G LAN, Yintoni kanye kanye?

Enyanisweni, i-5G LAN, ukuyibeka ngokulula, kukusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-5G "iqela" kunye "nokwakha" i-terminals ukwenza inethiwekhi ye-LAN.

Wonke umntu unefowuni ye-5G. Xa usebenzisa iifowuni ze-5G, ngaba uqaphele ukuba ifowuni yakho ayikwazi ukukhangela abahlobo bakho nokuba bakufutshane (nokuba ubuso ngobuso)? Unganxibelelana omnye nomnye kuba idatha ihamba yonke indlela ukuya kwiiseva zomphathi wakho okanye umboneleli wenkonzo ye-Intanethi.

Kwizikhululo ezisisiseko, zonke iitheminali eziphathwayo “zizodwa” omnye komnye. Oku kusekelwe kwiingcamango zokhuseleko, iifowuni zisebenzisa iziteshi zazo, aziphazamisani.

I-LAN, ngakolunye uhlangothi, idibanisa iitheminali (iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhomputha, njl. njl.) kwindawo kunye ukuze zenze "iqela". Oku akuncedi kuphela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha phakathi komnye nomnye, kodwa kwakhona kugcina ukuphuma kwe-extranet.

Kwi-LAN, iitheminali zinokufumana enye kwenye ngokusekwe kwiidilesi zazo ze-MAC kwaye zifumanane (uNxibelelwano lwe-2). Ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi yangaphandle, setha i-router, ngendawo ye-IP, inokuphinda ifezekise umzila kunye nokuphuma (uNxibelelwano lwe-3).

Njengoko sonke siyazi, "i-4G iya kutshintsha ubomi bethu, kwaye i-5G iya kutshintsha uluntu lwethu". Njengobuchwephesha bezonxibelelwano eziphathwayo ngoku, i-5G iphethe i-mission "ye-Intanethi yento yonke kunye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali yamakhulu emigca kunye namawaka amashishini", efuna ukunceda abasebenzisi abakwi-vertical industry badibane.

Ngoko ke, i-5G ayikwazi ukudibanisa kuphela yonke i-terminal kwifu, kodwa iphinde iqonde "uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo" phakathi kwee-terminals.

Ngoko ke, kumgangatho we-3GPP R16, i-5G LAN yazisa le nto entsha.

Imigaqo kunye neempawu ze-5G LAN

KwiNethiwekhi ye-5G, abalawuli banokuguqula idatha kwi-database yomsebenzisi (izinto zenethiwekhi ye-UDM), basayine isivumelwano senkonzo kunye nenombolo ye-UE echaziweyo, baze bahlule kumaqela afanayo okanye ahlukeneyo enethiwekhi ye-Virtual (VN).

I-database yomsebenzisi inikezela ngenombolo ye-terminal yolwazi lweqela le-VN kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokufikelela kwizinto zolawulo lwenethiwekhi (i-SMF, i-AMF, i-PCF, njl.) ye-5G yenethiwekhi engundoqo (5GC). Ulawulo lweNE ludibanisa olu lwazi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo kwiiLans ezahlukeneyo. Le yi-5G LAN.

I-5G LAN isekela unxibelelwano lwe-Layer 2 (icandelo elifanayo lenethiwekhi, ukufikelela ngokuthe ngqo komnye nomnye) kunye nonxibelelwano lwe-Layer 3 (kumacandelo enethiwekhi, ngoncedo lokuhamba). I-5G LAN ixhasa i-unicast kunye ne-multicast kunye nosasazo. Ngamafutshane, imowudi yokufikelela ngokufanayo iguquguquka kakhulu, kwaye inethiwekhi ilula kakhulu.

Ngokumalunga nobubanzi, i-5G LAN isekela unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-UPF efanayo (i-media side network network element ye-5G core network) kunye nee-UPF ezahlukeneyo. Oku kufana nokophula umda womgama ophakathi phakathi kweetheminali (nokuba iBeijing neShanghai zinokunxibelelana).

Ngokukodwa, iinethiwekhi ze-5G LAN zinokuqhagamshela kwiinethiwekhi zedatha ezikhoyo zabasebenzisi kwiplagi kunye nokudlala kunye nokufikelela ngokufanayo.

Iimeko zeSicelo kunye nezinto ezilungileyo ze-5G LAN

I-5G LAN yenza ukuba amaqela kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwee-terminals ze-5G ezichaziweyo, iququzelele kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi ye-LAN yeselula kumashishini. Abafundi abaninzi baqinisekile ukuba bayabuza, ngaba ukushukuma akukwazi ukwenzeka ngetekhnoloji ekhoyo ye-Wi-Fi? Kutheni kufuneka i-5G LAN?

Ungakhathazeki, masiqhubeke.

Uthungelwano lwengingqi olunikwe amandla yi-5G LAN lunokunceda amashishini, izikolo, oorhulumente, kunye neentsapho zinxibelelane ngcono neetheminali kwingingqi. Ingasetyenziswa kuthungelwano lweofisi, kodwa ixabiso layo elikhulu lilele ekuguqulweni kobume bemveliso yepaki kunye nokuguqulwa kothungelwano olusisiseko lwamashishini emveliso afana nokuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso, iitheminali zezibuko kunye nemigodi yamandla.

Ngoku sikhuthaza i-Intanethi yeshishini. Sikholelwa ukuba i-5G inokwenza i-digitalization ye-industrials scenes kuba i-5G iteknoloji yonxibelelwano engenazintambo kunye ne-bandwidth enkulu kunye nokulibaziseka okuphantsi, okunokuqonda uxhulumaniso olungenacingo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa kwiindawo zoshishino.

Thatha imveliso yemizi-mveliso, umzekelo. Ngaphambili, ukwenzela ukuba ngcono ukuzenzekelayo, ukufezekisa ulawulo lwezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji "yebhasi yezoshishino". Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zale teknoloji, enokuthi ichazwe "kuyo yonke indawo".

Kamva, ngokuvela kwe-Ethernet kunye ne-IP iteknoloji, imboni yenza isivumelwano, kunye ne-evolution ye-Ethernet, kukho "i-industrial Ethernet". Namhlanje, akukhathaliseki nokuba ngubani na iprotocol yonxibelelwano lweshishini, ngokusisiseko isekwe kwi-Ethernet.

Kamva, iinkampani zemizi-mveliso zafumanisa ukuba uqhagamshelo lweengcingo lunciphisa ukuhamba kakhulu - kwakusoloko kukho "i-braid" ngasemva kwesixhobo esithintela ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, imowudi yokuthunyelwa koxhulumaniso olunentambo inzima ngakumbi, ixesha lokwakha lide, ixabiso liphezulu. Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngesixhobo okanye intambo, ukutshintshwa kwakhona kucotha kakhulu. Ke, ishishini laqala ukucinga ngokuzisa itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo.

Ngenxa yoko, i-Wi-Fi, iBluetooth kunye nezinye iteknoloji ziye zangena kwintsimi yezoshishino.

Ke, ukubuyela kumbuzo wangaphambili, kutheni i-5G LAN xa kukho i-Wi-Fi?

Nasi isizathu:

1. Ukusebenza kweenethiwekhi ze-Wi-Fi (ingakumbi i-Wi-Fi 4 kunye ne-Wi-Fi 5) ayilungile njenge-5G.

Ngokwezinga lokudluliselwa kunye nokulibaziseka, i-5G inokuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zeerobhothi zoshishino (ukulawulwa kwe-manipulator), ukuhlolwa komgangatho ohlakaniphile (ukuqaphela umfanekiso wesantya esiphezulu), i-AGV (isithuthi esingenamsebenzi) kunye nezinye iimeko.

Ngokubhekiselele kwi-coverage, i-5G inendawo enkulu yokugubungela kune-Wi-Fi kwaye inokugubungela ngcono i-campus. Ukukwazi kwe-5G ukutshintsha phakathi kweeseli kunamandla kune-Wi-Fi, eya kuzisa abasebenzisi amava angcono womnatha.

2. Iindleko zokulondolozwa kwenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ziphezulu.

Ukwakha inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi epakini, amashishini kufuneka afake ucingo kwaye athenge izixhobo zabo. Izixhobo ziyancipha, zonakaliswe kwaye zitshintshwe, kodwa zigcinwe ngabasebenzi abakhethekileyo. Kukho iitoni zezixhobo ze-Wi-Fi, kwaye uqwalaselo luyinkathazo.

I-5G yahlukile. Yakhelwe kwaye igcinwe ngabaqhubi kwaye iqeshiswe ngamashishini (i-Wi-Fi ngokuchasene ne-5G ifana nokwakha igumbi lakho ngokuchasene ne-computing yefu).

Ithatyathwe kunye, i-5G iya kuba yindleko ngakumbi.

3. I-5G LAN inemisebenzi enamandla ngakumbi.

Iqela le-VN le-5G LAN likhankanywe ngaphambili. Ukongeza kokwahlulwa konxibelelwano, umsebenzi obaluleke ngakumbi wokuhlanganisana kukufezekisa iQoS (inqanaba lenkonzo) ukwahlulahlula amanethiwekhi ahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, ishishini linenethiwekhi yeofisi, inethiwekhi yenkqubo ye-IT, kunye nenethiwekhi ye-OT.

I-OT imele iTekhnoloji yokuSebenza. Yinethiwekhi edibanisa indawo yoshishino kunye nezixhobo, ezifana ne-lathes, iingalo ze-robotic, i-sensor, i-instrumentation, i-AGVs, iinkqubo zokubeka iliso, i-MES, i-PLCS, njl.

Uthungelwano olwahlukeneyo luneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ezinye zifuna i-latency ephantsi, ezinye zifuna i-bandwidth ephezulu, kwaye ezinye zineemfuno ezincinci.

I-5G LAN inokuchaza ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi eyahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumaqela ahlukeneyo e-VN. Amanye amashishini, ibizwa ngokuba yi "micro slice".

4. I-5G LAN kulula ukuyilawula kwaye ikhuselekile ngakumbi.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, idatha yokusayinwa komsebenzisi inokuguqulwa kwi-5G UDM nes yabathwali kubasebenzisi beqela kumaqela e-VN. Ngoko, ngaba kufuneka siye kwinkonzo yabathengi benkampani rhoqo xa sifuna ukutshintsha ulwazi lweqela le-terminal (joyina, ucime, utshintshe)?

Akunjalongo noko.

Kwiinethiwekhi ze-5G, abaqhubi banokuvula imvume yokuguqulwa kubalawuli benethiwekhi yezoshishino ngokuphuhliswa kwe-interfaces, eyenza ukuguqulwa kwenkonzo yokuzimela.

Ewe, amashishini anokuseta eyawo imigaqo-nkqubo yenethiwekhi yabucala ngokweemfuno zawo.

Xa kusekwa uxhulumaniso lwedatha, amashishini angaseta ugunyaziso kunye neendlela zokuqinisekisa ukulawula ngokungqongqo amaqela e-VN. Olu khuseleko lomelele kakhulu kwaye lulungele ngakumbi kune-Wi-Fi.

Isifundo somzekelo we-5G LAN

Makhe sijonge kwiinzuzo ze-5G LAN ngomzekelo othile wothungelwano.

Okokuqala, ishishini lokuvelisa, lineworkshop yalo, umgca wokuvelisa (okanye i-lathe), kufuneka udibanise i-PLC kunye ne-PLC yokulawula ukuphela ngenethiwekhi.

Umgca wendibano nganye unezixhobo ezininzi, nazo ezizimeleyo. Kukulungele ukufaka iimodyuli ze-5G kuzo zonke izixhobo kumgca wokuhlanganisa. Nangona kunjalo, kubonakala ngathi kuya kuba kubiza kakhulu kweli nqanaba.

Emva koko, ukuqaliswa kwe-5G yesango loshishino, okanye i-5G CPE, inokuphucula ukusebenza kweendleko. Ifanelekile kwingcingo, eqhagamshelwe kwi-port enentambo (i-Ethernet port, okanye i-PLC port). Ifanelekile kwi-wireless, iqhagamshelwe kwi-5G okanye kwi-Wi-Fi.

Ukuba i-5G ayixhasi i-5G LAN (ngaphambi kwe-R16), kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuqonda uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-PLC kunye nomlawuli we-PLC. Nangona kunjalo, yonke inethiwekhi ye-5G yi-Layer 3 protocol exhomekeke kwidilesi ye-IP, kwaye idilesi ye-terminal nayo idilesi ye-IP, engaxhasi ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ye-Layer 2. Ukuze uqonde unxibelelwano oluphelayo, i-AR (Ukufikelela kwi-Router) kufuneka yongezwe kumacala omabini ukuseka i-tunnel, ifake i-protocol ye-industrial Layer 2 kwi-tunnel, kwaye uyizise ekupheleni koontanga.

Le ndlela ayigcini nje ukwandisa ubunzima, kodwa iphinda ikhulise iindleko (ixabiso lokuthenga i-AR router, i-AR router Configuration Manpower kunye neendleko zexesha). Ukuba ucinga malunga neworkshop enamawaka emigca, iindleko ziya kuba ziyamangalisa.

Emva kokuqaliswa kwe-5G LAN, inethiwekhi ye-5G isekela ukuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-Layer 2 protocol, ngoko ke ii-router ze-AR azisafuneki. Ngexesha elifanayo, inethiwekhi ye-5G inokubonelela ngeendlela zee-terminals ngaphandle kweedilesi ze-IP, kwaye i-UPF inokubona iidilesi ze-MAC zee-terminals. Inethiwekhi iyonke iba yi-minimalist yenethiwekhi ye-single-layer, ekwazi ukunxibelelana enye kwenye kumaleko wesi-2.

Iplagi kunye nekhono lokudlala le-5G LAN linokuzihlanganisa ngokugqibeleleyo kunye neenethiwekhi ezikhoyo zabathengi, ukunciphisa impembelelo kuthungelwano olukhoyo lwabathengi, kunye nokugcina iindleko ezininzi ngaphandle kokulungiswa okunzima kunye nokuphucula.

Ukususela kumbono we-macro, i-5G LAN yintsebenziswano phakathi kwe-5G kunye ne-Ethernet iteknoloji. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuphuhliswa kwe-TSN (inethiwekhi yexesha elibucayi) iteknoloji esekelwe kwi-teknoloji ye-Ethernet ayikwazi ukuhlukana noncedo lwe-5G LAN.

Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba i-5G LAN, ngaphezu kokulungelelaniswa kokwakhiwa kothungelwano lwangaphakathi lwepaki, inokusetyenziswa njengesongezelelo kuthungelwano lwemveli olunikezelweyo lwamashishini ukudibanisa amasebe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Imodyuli ye-5G LAN

Njengoko ubona, i-5G LAN yitekhnoloji ebalulekileyo ye-5G kumashishini amileyo. Inokwakha unxibelelwano oluqinileyo lwe-5G yenethiwekhi yabucala ukunceda abathengi bakhawulezise inguqu yabo yedijithali kunye nokuphucula.

Ukuze kusetyenziswe ngcono i-5G LAN, ngaphezu kokuphuculwa kwecala lenethiwekhi, inkxaso yemodyuli ye-5G nayo iyafuneka.

Kwinkqubo ye-5G ye-LAN ye-teknoloji yokufika kwezorhwebo, i-Unigroup Zhangrui yasungula i-5G yokuqala ye-R16 Ready baseband chip platform yeshishini - i-V516.

Ngokusekelwe kweli qonga, i-Quectel, umenzi wemodyuli ehamba phambili e-China, uye waphuhlisa ngempumelelo inani leemodyuli ze-5G ezixhasa iteknoloji ye-5G LAN, kwaye iye yathengiswa, kuquka i-RG500U, RG200U, RM500U kunye nezinye iimodyuli zephakheji ze-LGA, M.2, Mini PCIe. .