Ingongoma esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje iphathelele amakhaya akrelekrele.
Xa kufikwa kumakhaya akrelekrele, akukho mntu ufanele angaqhelananga nawo. Ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane, xa ingcamango ye-Intanethi yezinto yaqala ukuzalwa, eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa, yayiyindlu ekrelekrele.
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji yedijithali, kuye kwaveliswa izixhobo ezikrelekrele ngakumbi zekhaya. Ezi zixhobo zizise lula ubomi bosapho kwaye zongeza kulonwabo lokuphila.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uya kuba neeapps ezininzi kwifowuni yakho.
Ewe, le yingxaki yemiqobo yendalo ehlala ikhathaza ishishini lezindlu ezikrelekrele ixesha elide.
Enyanisweni, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-IoT luhlala luphawulwa kukuqhekeka. Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa zihambelana neempawu ezahlukeneyo zobuchwepheshe be-IoT. Ezinye zifuna i-bandwidth enkulu, ezinye zifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ezinye zigxile ekuzinzeni, kwaye ezinye zixhalabele kakhulu iindleko.
Oku kuye kwabangela umxube we-2/3/4/5G, i-NB-IoT, i-eMTC, i-LoRa, i-SigFox, i-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Zigbee, i-Thread kunye nezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe zonxibelelwano ezisisiseko.
Indlu ekrelekrele, nayo, yimeko eqhelekileyo ye-LAN, eneteknoloji zonxibelelwano ezimfutshane ezifana ne-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Zigbee, i-Thread, njl.njl., kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okudibeneyo.
Ngaphezu koko, njengoko amakhaya akrelekrele ejoliswe kubasebenzisi abangengoochwephesha, abavelisi badla ngokwakha amaqonga abo kunye ne-UI interfaces kwaye bamkele iiprotokholi zomaleko wesicelo ukuqinisekisa amava omsebenzisi. Oku kukhokelele "kwimfazwe ye-ecosystem" yangoku.
Imiqobo phakathi kweenkqubo zemvelo ayibangelanga nje iingxaki ezingapheliyo kubasebenzisi, kodwa nakubathengisi kunye nabaphuhlisi - ukuqaliswa kwemveliso efanayo kufuna uphuhliso lweenkqubo zemvelo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu umthwalo womsebenzi kunye neendleko.
Ngenxa yokuba ingxaki yemiqobo yendalo ingumqobo omkhulu kuphuhliso lwexesha elide lwezindlu ezikrelekrele, eli shishini liqalile ukusebenza ekufumaneni isisombululo sale ngxaki.
Ukuzalwa kweprotocol yeMatter
NgoDisemba ka-2019, iGoogle kunye neApple bajoyine iZigbee Alliance, bajoyina iAmazon kunye neenkampani ezingaphezu kwama-200 kunye namawaka eengcali kwihlabathi liphela ukukhuthaza iprotocol entsha ye-application layer, eyaziwa ngokuba yiProject CHIP (Connected Home over IP) protocol.
Njengoko ubona kweli gama, i-CHIP imalunga nokudibanisa ikhaya ngokusekelwe kwiiprotokholi ze-IP. Le protokholi yaqaliswa ngenjongo yokwandisa ukuhambelana kwesixhobo, ukwenza lula uphuhliso lwemveliso, ukuphucula amava omsebenzisi kunye nokuqhubela phambili ishishini.
Emva kokuba iqela elisebenzayo le-CHIP lizelwe, icebo lokuqala yayikukukhupha umgangatho ngo-2020 kunye nokuqalisa imveliso ngo-2021. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, esi sicwangciso asizange siphumelele.
NgoMeyi 2021, iZigbee Alliance yatshintsha igama layo yaba yiCSA (Connectivity Standards Alliance). Kwangaxeshanye, iprojekthi ye-CHIP yathiywa igama elitsha yaba yiMatter (oko kuthetha "imeko, isiganeko, into" ngesiTshayina).
I-Alliance yathiywa igama elitsha kuba amalungu amaninzi ayengafuni ukujoyina iZigbee, kwaye i-CHIP yatshintshwa yaba yiMatter, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba igama elithi CHIP lalisaziwa kakhulu (ekuqaleni lalithetha "i-chip") kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuliqhekeza.
Ngo-Okthobha ka-2022, i-CSA ekugqibeleni ikhuphe inguqulelo 1.0 yeprotocol esemgangathweni yeMatter. Ngaphambi koko, nge-18 kaMeyi ka-2023, inguqulelo 1.1 yeMatter nayo yakhutshwa.
Amalungu e-CSA Consortium ahlulwe ngamanqanaba amathathu: uMqalisi, uMthathi-nxaxheba kunye noMthathi-nxaxheba. Abaqalisi bakwinqanaba eliphezulu, bebokuqala ukuthatha inxaxheba ekubhalweni kweprotocol, bangamalungu eBhodi yabaLawuli be-Alliance kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kwinqanaba elithile kubunkokeli kunye nezigqibo ze-Alliance.
I-Google kunye ne-Apple, njengabameli babaqalisi, banegalelo elikhulu kwiinkcazo zokuqala zeMatter.
I-Google inegalelo kwi-Smart Home yayo yomaleko wenethiwekhi ekhoyo kunye neprotocol yesicelo i-Weave (iseti yeendlela zokuqinisekisa ezisemgangathweni kunye nemiyalelo yokusebenza kwesixhobo), ngelixa i-Apple inegalelo kwi-HAP Security (yonxibelelwano oluvela ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni kunye nolawulo lwe-LAN yasekuhlaleni, ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo obuqinileyo kunye nokhuseleko).
Ngokwedatha yamva nje kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni, i-CSA consortium yaqalwa ziinkampani ezingama-29 zizonke, kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba abangama-282 kunye nabamkelweyo abangama-238.
Bekhokelwa ziingxilimbela, abadlali beli shishini bathumela ngenkuthalo impahla yabo yobukrelekrele kwiMatter kwaye bazimisele ukwakha inkqubo yendalo edibeneyo ngokungenamthungo.
Uyilo lweprotocol kaMatter
Emva kwale ntetho yonke, siyiqonda njani kanye kanye i-Matter protocol? Iyintoni intsebenziswano yayo ne-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, i-Thread kunye ne-Zigbee?
Hayi ngokukhawuleza kangaka, makhe sijonge umzobo:
Lo ngumzobo woyilo lweprotocol: I-Wi-Fi, iThread, iBluetooth (BLE) kunye ne-Ethernet ziiprotocol ezisisiseko (iilayers zonxibelelwano lwe-physical kunye nedatha); phezulu yilayers yenethiwekhi, kuquka iiprotocols ze-IP; phezulu yilayers yothutho, kuquka iiprotocols ze-TCP kunye ne-UDP; kwaye iprotocol yeMatter, njengoko sele sitshilo, yiprotocol yelayers yesicelo.
I-Bluetooth kunye neZigbee nazo zinenethiwekhi ekhethekileyo, ezothutho kunye neeleya zesicelo, ukongeza kwiiprotokholi ezisisiseko.
Ngoko ke, iMatter yiprotokholi esebenzisana neZigbee kunye neBluetooth. Okwangoku, iiprotokholi ezisisiseko kuphela ezixhaswa yiMatter yiWi-Fi, iThread kunye neEthernet (Ethernet).
Ukongeza kwisakhiwo seprotocol, kufuneka sazi ukuba iMatter protocol iyilwe ngefilosofi evulelekileyo.
Yiprotokholi yomthombo ovulekileyo enokujongwa, isetyenziswe kwaye iguqulwe ngumntu wonke ukuze ihambelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo kunye neemfuno, nto leyo eya kuvumela iingenelo zobugcisa zokungafihlisi kunye nokuthembeka.
Ukhuseleko lweprotocol yeMatter lukwayindawo ebalulekileyo yokuthengisa. Isebenzisa itekhnoloji yamva nje yokubethela kwaye ixhasa ukubethela ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba unxibelelwano lwabasebenzisi alubiwa okanye aluphazanyiswa.
Imodeli yothungelwano lweMatter
Okulandelayo, sijonga uthungelwano lokwenyani lweMatter. Kwakhona, oku kuboniswa ngumzobo:
Njengoko umzobo ubonisa, iMatter yiprotocol esekelwe kwi-TCP/IP, ngoko ke iMatter yiyo nayiphi na into edityaniswe kuyo i-TCP/IP.
Izixhobo ze-Wi-Fi kunye ne-Ethernet ezixhasa i-Matter protocol zinokuqhagamshelwa ngqo kwi-router engenazingcingo. Izixhobo ze-thread ezixhasa i-Matter protocol zinokuqhagamshelwa nakwiinethiwekhi ezisekelwe kwi-IP ezifana ne-Wi-Fi nge-Border Routers.
Izixhobo ezingayixhasiyo iprotokholi yeMatter, njengeZigbee okanye izixhobo zeBluetooth, zinokuqhagamshelwa kwisixhobo esifana nebhulorho (iMatter Bridge/Gateway) ukuze kuguqulwe iprotokholi ize iqhagamshelwe kwi-router engenazingcingo.
Inkqubela phambili kwezoshishino kwiMatter
I-Matter imele umkhwa kwiteknoloji yekhaya elikrelekrele. Ngenxa yoko, ifumene ingqalelo ebanzi kunye nenkxaso enomdla ukususela oko yasungulwa.
Eli shishini linethemba elikhulu ngamathuba ophuhliso lweMatter. Ngokwengxelo yakutshanje yenkampani yophando lwemarike i-ABI Research, izixhobo zasekhaya ezikrelekrele ezingaphezu kwe-20 yeebhiliyoni eziqhagamshelwe ngaphandle kwentambo ziya kuthengiswa kwihlabathi liphela ukususela ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2030, kwaye uninzi lwezi ntlobo zezixhobo ziya kuhlangabezana nenkcazo yeMatter.
I-Matter okwangoku isebenzisa indlela yokuqinisekisa. Abavelisi baphuhlisa izixhobo ezifuna ukuphumelela kwinkqubo yokuqinisekisa ye-CSA consortium ukuze bafumane isatifikethi se-Matter kwaye bavunyelwe ukusebenzisa ilogo ye-Matter.
Ngokwe-CSA, iinkcukacha zeMatter ziya kusebenza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezifana neepaneli zolawulo, izitshixo zeengcango, izibane, amasokhethi, iiswitshi, iisensa, ii-thermostat, iifeni, abalawuli bemozulu, ii-blinds kunye nezixhobo zemidiya, zigubungela phantse zonke iimeko kwikhaya elikrelekrele.
Ngokwemizi-mveliso, eli shishini sele linabavelisi abaninzi abaneemveliso eziphumelele isiqinisekiso seMatter kwaye zingena kancinci kancinci kwimarike. Kwicala labavelisi beetships kunye neemodyuli, kukwakho nenkxaso enamandla kwiMatter.
Isiphelo
Indima enkulu yeMatter njengeprotokholi yomgangatho ophezulu kukudiliza imiqobo phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-ecosystems. Abantu abahlukeneyo banembono ezahlukeneyo ngeMatter, abanye beyibona njengomsindisi kwaye abanye beyibona njengesiqalo esicocekileyo.
Okwangoku, iprotokholi yeMatter isekwinqanaba lokuqala lokuthengiswa kwaye ngandlela thile ijongene neengxaki kunye nemingeni ethile, njengeendleko eziphezulu kunye nomjikelo wokuhlaziya ixesha elide kwisitokhwe sezixhobo.
Nokuba kunjalo, oku kuzisa uloyiko kwiminyaka engathandekiyo yeenkqubo zobuchwepheshe bekhaya ezikrelekrele. Ukuba inkqubo endala ithintela uphuhliso lweteknoloji kwaye ithintela amava omsebenzisi, ngoko ke sifuna ubuchwepheshe obufana neMatter ukuba buthathe amanyathelo kwaye buthathe umsebenzi omkhulu.
Nokuba iMatter iza kuphumelela okanye ayizukuphumelela, asinakutsho ngokuqinisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngumbono weshishini lonke lekhaya elikrelekrele kunye noxanduva lwenkampani nganye kunye noochwephesha kushishino ukuxhobisa itekhnoloji yedijithali kubomi basekhaya kunye nokuphucula rhoqo amava okuphila ngedijithali kubasebenzisi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ikhaya elikrelekrele liza kuqhawula zonke iintambo zobugcisa kwaye lingene ngokwenene kuwo onke amakhaya.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-29-2023