Izixeko ezikrelekrele ezidibeneyo zizisa amaphupha amahle. Kwizixeko ezinjalo, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali budibanisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yoluntu ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobukrelekrele. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2050, ama-70% abemi behlabathi baya kuhlala kwizixeko ezikrelekrele, apho ubomi buya kuba sempilweni, bonwabileyo kwaye bukhuselekile. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kuthembisa ukuba luhlaza, ikhadi lokugqibela loluntu ngokuchasene nokutshatyalaliswa kweplanethi.
Kodwa izixeko ezikrelekrele zinzima kakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe obutsha bubiza kakhulu, oorhulumente basekhaya banomda, kwaye ezopolitiko zitshintshela kwimijikelo emifutshane yonyulo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukufezekisa imodeli yokusasazwa kobuchwepheshe obuphakathi esebenza kakuhle nesebenza kakuhle ngokwezimali esetyenziswa kwakhona kwiindawo zasezidolophini kwihlabathi liphela okanye kuzwelonke. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwezixeko ezikrelekrele eziphambili kwiindaba ziingqokelela nje zovavanyo lobuchwepheshe obahlukeneyo kunye neeprojekthi ezisecaleni zengingqi, kungekho nto ingako elindelekileyo ukuba ikhule.
Makhe sijonge iidumpster kunye neendawo zokupaka, ezikrelekrele ngeesensa kunye nohlalutyo; Kule meko, imbuyekezo yotyalo-mali (i-ROI) kunzima ukuyibala nokuyilinganisa, ingakumbi xa iiarhente zikarhulumente zahlukene kakhulu (phakathi kweearhente zikarhulumente kunye neenkonzo zabucala, kunye naphakathi kweedolophu, izixeko, imimandla kunye namazwe). Jonga ukujonga umgangatho womoya; Kulula njani ukubala impembelelo yomoya ococekileyo kwiinkonzo zempilo kwisixeko? Ngokwengqiqo, izixeko ezikrelekrele kunzima ukuzisebenzisa, kodwa kunzima nokuzikhanyela.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukukhanya okuncinci kwinkungu yotshintsho lwedijithali. Ukukhanya ezitalatweni kuzo zonke iinkonzo zikamasipala kubonelela ngeqonga lezixeko lokufumana imisebenzi ekrelekrele nokudibanisa usetyenziso oluninzi okokuqala. Jonga iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa ezitalatweni ezikrelekrele ezenziwa eSan Diego e-US naseCopenhagen eDenmark, kwaye ziyanda ngenani. Ezi projekthi zidibanisa uluhlu lweesensa ezineeyunithi zehardware ezixhonywe kwiipali zokukhanya ukuvumela ulawulo olukude lokukhanya ngokwako kunye nokusebenzisa eminye imisebenzi, efana neekhawuntara zendlela, iimonitha zomgangatho womoya, kwanezixhobo zokubona izibhamu.
Ukususela phezulu kwepali yokukhanya, izixeko ziqalile ukujongana "nokuhlala" kwesixeko esitalatweni, kubandakanya ukuhamba kweemoto kunye nokuhambahamba, ingxolo kunye nongcoliseko lomoya, kunye namathuba eshishini avelayo. Kwanezixhobo zokupaka, eziqhele ukugqunywa kwiindawo zokupaka, zinokudityaniswa ngexabiso eliphantsi nangokufanelekileyo kwiziseko zokukhanyisa. Izixeko ezipheleleyo zinokuxhunyaniswa ngequbuliso kwaye ziphuculwe ngaphandle kokumba izitalato okanye ukuqesha indawo okanye ukusombulula iingxaki zekhompyutha ezingabonakaliyo malunga nokuphila okunempilo kunye nezitalato ezikhuselekileyo.
Oku kuyasebenza kuba, uninzi lwexesha, izisombululo zokukhanyisa ezikrelekrele azibalwa ekuqaleni ngokubheja kwizongezo ezikrelekrele. Endaweni yoko, ukusebenza kwenguqu yedijithali yasezidolophini kubangelwa yimpazamo yophuhliso lokukhanyisa ngaxeshanye.
Ukonga amandla ngokutshintsha iibhalbhu ze-incandescent ngezibane ze-LED eziqinileyo, kunye nezixhobo zamandla ezifumaneka lula kunye neziseko zophuhliso zokukhanyisa ezibanzi, kwenza izixeko ezikrelekrele zibe nokwenzeka.
Isantya sokuguqulwa kwe-LED sele sithe tyaba, kwaye ukukhanya okukrelekrele kuyakhula. Malunga ne-90% yezibane zesitalato ezingama-363 ezigidi zehlabathi ziya kukhanyiswa zii-LED ngo-2027, ngokutsho kweNortheast Group, ingcali yeziseko zophuhliso ezikrelekrele. Isithathu sazo siya kusebenzisa usetyenziso olukrelekrele, umkhwa owaqala kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. De kube kupapashwe imali eninzi kunye nezicwangciso, ukukhanya kwesitalato kufanelekile njengesiseko sothungelwano lwetekhnoloji eyahlukeneyo yedijithali kwizixeko ezinkulu ezikrelekrele.
Gcina iindleko ze-LED
Ngokwemithetho ecetywayo ngabavelisi bezibane kunye neesensor, ukukhanya okukrelekrele kunokunciphisa iindleko zolawulo kunye nokugcinwa kweziseko zophuhliso ngama-50 ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini. Kodwa uninzi lwaloo mali igciniweyo (malunga nama-50 ekhulwini, eyaneleyo ukwenza umahluko) inokufezekiswa ngokutshintshela kwiibhalbhu ze-LED ezisebenzisa amandla aphantsi. Ezinye izinto ezigciniweyo zivela ekudibaniseni nasekulawuleni izikhanyiso kunye nokudlulisa ulwazi olukrelekrele malunga nendlela ezisebenza ngayo kuthungelwano lokukhanyisa.
Uhlengahlengiso oluphakathi kunye nokuqwalasela kuphela kunokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokulungisa. Zininzi iindlela, kwaye ziyahambelana: ukucwangcisa ixesha, ulawulo lwexesha kunye nohlengahlengiso lwexesha; Ukuxilongwa kwempazamo kunye nokuncipha kokuhamba kwelori yokulungisa. Impembelelo iyanda ngobukhulu benethiwekhi yokukhanyisa kwaye ibuyela kwimeko yokuqala ye-ROI. Imarike ithi le ndlela inokuzihlawulela kwiminyaka emihlanu, kwaye inamandla okuzihlawulela ngexesha elincinci ngokufaka iingcamango "ezithambileyo" zesixeko esikrelekrele, ezifana nezo zinezixhobo zokupaka, iimonitha zendlela, ulawulo lomgangatho womoya kunye nezixhobo zokubona izibhamu.
I-Guidehouse Insights, ingcali yemarike, ilandelela izixeko ezingaphezu kwama-200 ukuze ilinganise isantya sotshintsho; Ithi ikota yezixeko iqalisa iinkqubo zokukhanyisa ezikrelekrele. Ukuthengiswa kweenkqubo ezikrelekrele kuyanyuka. Uphando lwe-ABI lubala ukuba ingeniso yehlabathi iya kunyuka ngokuphindwe kalishumi ukuya kwi-$1.7 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2026. "Ixesha lebhalbhu yokukhanya" yomhlaba linje; Iziseko zokukhanyisa ezitalatweni, ezinxulumene kakhulu nemisebenzi yabantu, yindlela eya phambili njengeqonga lezixeko ezikrelekrele kumxholo obanzi. Kwasekuqaleni kuka-2022, ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu sokufakelwa kwezibane ezitalatweni ezintsha ziya kudityaniswa neqonga lolawulo oluphambili ukuze kudityaniswe idatha evela kwiinzwa ezininzi zesixeko ezikrelekrele, utshilo u-ABI.
U-Adarsh Krishnan, umhlalutyi oyintloko kwi-ABI Research, uthe: “Kukho amathuba amaninzi oshishino kubathengisi bezixeko ezikrelekrele abasebenzisa iziseko zophuhliso lwezibane zasezidolophini ngokusebenzisa uqhagamshelo olungenazingcingo, izinzwa zokusingqongileyo kunye neekhamera ezikrelekrele. Umngeni kukufumana iimodeli zoshishino ezisebenzayo ezikhuthaza uluntu ukuba lusebenzise izisombululo zezinzwa ezininzi ngobukhulu ngendlela engabizi kakhulu.”
Umbuzo awusekho wokuba kufuneka uqhagamshelane na, kodwa kukuba kufuneka uqhagamshelane njani, kwaye kufuneka uqhagamshelane kangakanani kwasekuqaleni. Njengoko uKrishnan ebona, inxalenye yoku imalunga neemodeli zoshishino, kodwa imali sele ingena kwizixeko ezikrelekrele ngokusebenzisa ukuthengiswa kweenkonzo zabucala (i-PPP), apho iinkampani zabucala zithatha umngcipheko wezemali ukuze ziphumelele kwimali-mboleko. Izivumelwano "njengenkonzo" ezisekelwe kubhaliso zisasaza utyalo-mali kwixesha lokuhlawula, nto leyo ekwakhuthaza nomsebenzi.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izibane zasesitalatweni eYurophu ziqhagamshelwe kwiinethiwekhi zemveli zehoneycomb (ngesiqhelo i-2G ukuya kwi-LTE (4G)) kunye nesixhobo esitsha se-HONEYCOMB Iot standard, i-LTE-M. Itekhnoloji ye-proprietary ultra-narrowband (UNB) nayo iyasebenza, kunye neZigbee, i-Bluetooth encinci enamandla aphantsi, kunye ne-IEEE 802.15.4 derivatives.
I-Bluetooth Technology Alliance (SIG) igxininisa ngokukodwa kwizixeko ezikrelekrele. Eli qela liqikelela ukuba ukuthunyelwa kweBluetooth enamandla aphantsi kwizixeko ezikrelekrele kuya kukhula ngokuphindwe kahlanu kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, ukuya kwizigidi ezingama-230 ngonyaka. Uninzi lunxulunyaniswa nokulandelela iiasethi kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ezifana nezikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, amabala emidlalo, izibhedlele, iivenkile ezinkulu kunye neemyuziyam. Nangona kunjalo, iBluetooth enamandla aphantsi ikwajoliswe kwiinethiwekhi zangaphandle. "Isisombululo solawulo lweeasethi siphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zesixeko esikrelekrele kwaye sinceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ezidolophini," utshilo i-Bluetooth Technology Alliance.
Ukudibanisa ezi ndlela zimbini kungcono!
Itekhnoloji nganye ineempikiswano zayo, nangona kunjalo, ezinye zazo zisonjululwe kwingxoxo. Umzekelo, i-UNB icebisa imida engqongqo kwimithwalo yomthwalo kunye neeshedyuli zokuhanjiswa, isusa inkxaso efanayo kwizicelo ezininzi zesenzi okanye kwizicelo ezifana neekhamera eziyifunayo. Itekhnoloji yomgama omfutshane ixabisa kancinci kwaye ibonelela ngomphumo omkhulu wokuphuhlisa ukukhanyisa njengeqonga Useto. Okubalulekileyo, banokudlala indima yokuxhasa kwimeko yokuqhawulwa kwesignali ye-WAN, kwaye banike indlela yokuba iingcali zifunde iisenzi ngokuthe ngqo ukuze zilungise iimpazamo kunye nokuxilongwa. I-Bluetooth enamandla aphantsi, umzekelo, isebenza phantse kuzo zonke ii-smartphone ezikwimarike.
Nangona igridi exineneyo inokuphucula ukuqina, uyilo lwayo luba nzima kwaye lubeka iimfuno zamandla eziphezulu kwiisensa ezidibeneyo ze-point-to-point. Uluhlu lothumelo nalo luyingxaki; Ugutyungelwe kusetyenziswa iZigbee kunye neBluetooth enamandla aphantsi lumalunga neemitha ezimbalwa kuphela ubukhulu. Nangona iintlobo ngeentlobo zobuchwepheshe be-short-range zikhuphisana kwaye zifanelekile kwiisensa ezisekwe kwi-grid, ezikufutshane, ziinethiwekhi ezivaliweyo ekugqibeleni ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwee-gateways ukuthumela imiqondiso efini.
Uqhagamshelo lwehoneycomb ludla ngokufakwa ekugqibeleni. Umkhwa wabathengisi bokukhanyisa okukrelekrele kukusebenzisa uqhagamshelo lwehoneycomb oluvela kwindawo ukuya efini ukubonelela ngesango okanye isixhobo senzwa esimalunga neekhilomitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-15 ukusuka kumgama we-5 ukuya kwi-15. Itekhnoloji ye-Beehive izisa uluhlu olukhulu lothumelo kunye nokulula; Ikwabonelela ngenethiwekhi engaphandle kweshelufu kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko, ngokutsho koluntu lwe-Hive.
UNeill Young, intloko ye-Internet of Things Vertical kwi-GSMA, iqumrhu leshishini elimele abaqhubi benethiwekhi yeselula, uthe: “Abaqhubi be-Action… banayo yonke indawo, ngoko ke akufuneki ziseko zophuhliso ezongezelelweyo zokudibanisa izixhobo zokukhanyisa zasezidolophini kunye neesensa. Kwi-spectrum enelayisenisi, inethiwekhi ye-honeycomb inokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka, oko kuthetha ukuba umqhubi uneemeko ezilungileyo, unokuxhasa inani elikhulu leemfuno zobomi bebhetri obude kakhulu kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci kunye nomgama omde wokuhambisa izixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu.”
Kuzo zonke iitekhnoloji zonxibelelwano ezikhoyo, i-HONEYCOMB iza kubona ukukhula okukhulu kwiminyaka ezayo, ngokutsho kwe-ABI. Ingxolo malunga neenethiwekhi ze-5G kunye nokungxama kokusingatha iziseko ze-5G kubangele ukuba abaqhubi bathathe ipali yokukhanya baze bazalise iiyunithi ezincinci zehoneycomb kwiindawo zasezidolophini. E-United States, iLas Vegas kunye neSacramento zisebenzisa i-LTE kunye ne-5G, kunye nee-smart city sensors, kwizibane zesitalato ngokusebenzisa iinkampani ze-AT&T kunye neVerizon. I-Hong Kong isandula ukutyhila isicwangciso sokufaka izibane ze-400 ezisebenza nge-5G njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sayo sesixeko esihlakaniphile.
Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqinileyo Kwezixhobo Zekhompyutha
UNielsen wongeze wathi: “INordic inikezela ngeemveliso zeendlela ezininzi ezimfutshane nezinde, kunye ne-nRF52840 SoC yayo exhasa iBluetooth enamandla aphantsi, iBluetooth Mesh kunye neZigbee, kunye neenkqubo zeThread kunye ne-proprietary 2.4ghz. I-nRF9160 SiP esekelwe kwiNordic esekwe kwiHoneycomb inikezela ngenkxaso ye-LTE-M kunye ne-NB-iot. Ukudibana kwezi teknoloji zimbini kuzisa ukusebenza kunye neenzuzo zeendleko.”
Ukwahlulwa kweefrikhwensi kuvumela ezi nkqubo ukuba zihlale kunye, apho eyokuqala isebenza kwibhendi ye-2.4ghz engenamvume kwaye eyesibini isebenza naphi na apho ikhoyo i-LTE. Kwiifrikhwensi ezisezantsi neziphezulu, kukho urhwebo phakathi kokugubungela indawo ebanzi kunye nomthamo omkhulu wothumelo. Kodwa kumaqonga okukhanyisa, itekhnoloji engenazingcingo yebanga elifutshane idla ngokusetyenziswa ukudibanisa iisensa, amandla e-edge computing asetyenziselwa ukujonga nokuhlaziya, kwaye i-honeycomb iot isetyenziselwa ukuthumela idatha efini, kunye nolawulo lwesensa lwamanqanaba aphezulu olondolozo.
Okwangoku, iirediyo ezimbini ezimfutshane nezikude zongezwe ngokwahlukeneyo, ezingafakwanga kwi-silicon chip efanayo. Kwezinye iimeko, izinto zahlulwe kuba ukusilela kwe-illuminator, i-sensor kunye nerediyo zahlukile. Nangona kunjalo, ukudibanisa iirediyo ezimbini kwinkqubo enye kuya kubangela ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obusondeleyo kunye neendleko zokuthenga eziphantsi, ezizezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwizixeko ezikrelekrele.
INordic icinga ukuba imakethi iya kwicala elo. Le nkampani idibanise ubuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano lwe-IoT obungenazingcingo kunye ne-honeycomb kwi-hardware kunye nesoftware kwinqanaba labaphuhlisi ukuze abavelisi bezisombululo bakwazi ukuqhuba ezi zibini ngaxeshanye kwizicelo zovavanyo. Ibhodi yeNordic i-DK ye-nRF9160 SiP yenzelwe abaphuhlisi ukuba "benze izicelo zabo ze-Honeycomb iot zisebenze"; iNordic Thingy:91 ichazwe njenge "gateway epheleleyo engekho eshelufini" engasetyenziswa njengeqonga leprototyping elingekho eshelufini okanye ubungqina bengcamango yoyilo lwemveliso yokuqala.
Zombini zine-multi-mode honeycomb nRF9160 SiP kunye ne-multi-protocol short-range nRF52840 SoC. Iinkqubo ezihlanganisiweyo ezidibanisa ezi teknoloji zimbini zokusetyenziswa kwe-IoT yezorhwebo zikude "ngeenyanga" kuphela ukuze zithengiswe, ngokutsho kweNordic.
UNordic Nielsen uthe: “Iqonga lokukhanyisa isixeko esikrelekrele limiselwe zonke ezi teknoloji zonxibelelwano; imakethi icacile ukuba singazidibanisa njani, sinikezele ngezisombululo kwibhodi yophuhliso lwabavelisi, ukuvavanya indlela ezisebenzisana ngayo. Zidityaniswe zibe zizisombululo zoshishino, kubalulekile, ngexesha elifutshane.”
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-29-2022