Iiteknoloji zeSmart Meter zanamhlanje zokubeka iliso elithembekileyo kuMbane eMakhaya nakwiZakhiwo

Ukubeka iliso ngokuchanekileyo kumbane kube yimfuneko ephambili kwiindawo zanamhlanje zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye nezoshishino. Njengoko iinkqubo zombane zidibanisa amandla ahlaziyekayo, izixhobo ze-HVAC ezisebenzayo kakhulu, kunye nemithwalo esasazwayo, imfuneko yokuthembekaukujonga imitha yombaneiyaqhubeka nokwanda. Iimitha ezikrelekrele zanamhlanje azilinganisi nje kuphela ukusetyenziswa kodwa zikwabonelela ngokubonakala ngexesha langempela, imiqondiso yokuzenzekela, kunye nokuqonda okunzulu kohlalutyo okuxhasa ulawulo lwamandla olusebenzayo ngakumbi.

Eli nqaku lihlola ubuchwepheshe obusetyenziswa kwiimitha ezikrelekrele zanamhlanje, usetyenziso lwazo olusebenzayo, kunye nezinto eziqwalaselwayo kuyilo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwiinjineli, abahlanganisi beenkqubo, kunye nabavelisi.

1. Indima Ekhulayo Yokujongwa Kombane Kwiinkqubo Zamandla Zanamhlanje

Iinkqubo zombane ziye zatshintshatshintsha kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zibangela imfuneko yokujonga ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha langempela:

• Ukwandiswa kokwamkelwa kwe-solar PV, iimpompo zobushushu, kunye nokutshaja kwe-EV

• Utshintsho oluvela kwiiphaneli zemveli ukuya kwiinkqubo ezixhunyiweyo nezizenzekelayo

• Imfuno yokubonakala kwinqanaba lesekethe kumakhaya akrelekrele nakwizakhiwo zorhwebo

• Ukuhlanganiswa namaqonga amandla asekuhlaleni afanaUmncedisi Wasekhaya

• Iimfuneko zokubonakalisa amandla ngokucacileyo kwingxelo yozinzo

• Iimfuno zokufaka imitha phantsi komhlaba kwizakhiwo ezineeyunithi ezininzi

Kuzo zonke ezi meko, isixhobo sokujonga esithembekileyo—hayi nje isixhobo sokulinganisa iindleko—sibalulekile. Yiyo loo nto ubuchwepheshe obufanaisixhobo sokujonga imitha yombanekwaye iimitha ezikrelekrele ezinezigaba ezininzi ngoku ziyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiprojekthi zokwakha nezamandla.

2. Iiteknoloji ezingenazingcingo ezisetyenziswa kwiimitha zeSmart zanamhlanje

Iimitha ezikrelekrele namhlanje zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obahlukeneyo bonxibelelwano ngokuxhomekeke kwindalo esingqongileyo, indlela yokufakela, kunye neemfuno zokudibanisa.

2.1 Iimitha ezikrelekrele ezisekelwe kwiZigbee

I-Zigbee iseyiteknoloji ehamba phambili ekulinganiseni amandla endawo ngenxa yozinzo lwayo kunye nothungelwano lwe-mesh olusebenzisa amandla aphantsi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi:

• Iiflethi ezikrelekrele kunye nophuhliso lwezindlu

• Ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo ekhaya okusebenzisa amandla

• IiSango ezisebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo lwengingqi

• Izicelo apho ukuxhomekeka kwi-intanethi kufuneka kuncitshiswe

Iimitha zeZigbee zikwasetyenziswa rhoqo kunyeIsikrini samandla soMncedisi wasekhayaiideshibhodi ngeZigbee2MQTT, zenza kube lula ukubona izinto ngexesha langempela ngaphandle kweenkonzo zangaphandle zelifu.

Iimitha ezihlakaniphile ze-Wi-Fi ezingama-2.2

I-Wi-Fi idla ngokukhethwa xa kufuneka iideshibhodi ezikude okanye amaqonga ohlalutyo lwelifu.
Iingenelo ziquka:

• Unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo oluya efini

• Isidingo esinciphileyo seengcango ezizimeleyo

• Ilungele amaqonga amandla asekelwe kwi-SaaS

• Iluncedo kwiindawo zasekhaya nakwiindawo zorhwebo ezincinci

Iimitha ezikrelekrele ze-Wi-Fi zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwakha ulwazi lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kubasebenzisi bezindlu okanye ukuxhasa uhlalutyo lomthwalo kwiivenkile ezithengisa izinto eziluncedo, amagumbi okufundela, okanye kwiindawo zokuthengisa.

2.3 Iimitha zeLoRa ezikrelekrele

Izixhobo zeLoRa zilungele kakuhle ukusasazwa kwamandla kwindawo ebanzi:

• Izibonelelo zezolimo

• Iindawo zasekhampasini

• Iipaki zoshishino

• Ukufakelwa kwezibane zelanga ezisasazwe

Ngenxa yokuba iLoRa ifuna iziseko zophuhliso ezincinci kwaye inika unxibelelwano olude, idla ngokukhethwa kwiimeko apho iimitha zisasazwa kwiindawo ezinkulu.

Iimitha ezikrelekrele ze-4G/LTE eziyi-2.4

Kwiinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, iinkqubo zelizwe, kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu zeenkampani, ii-cellular smart meter zihlala ziseyeyona teknoloji ithembekileyo.
Zisebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwiinethiwekhi zeWi-Fi zasekuhlaleni okanye zeZigbee, nto leyo ezenza zibe luncedo kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Iiasethi zamandla ezikude

• Ukusasazwa kwentsimi

• Iiprojekthi ezifuna unxibelelwano oluqinisekisiweyo

Iimitha zeselfowuni zivumela ukuhlanganiswa ngokuthe ngqo namaziko olawulo lwamafu asetyenziswa yiiinkampani zeemitha ezikrelekrele, abaqhubi beefowuni, kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo zamandla.

3. Uyilo lwe-Clamp-On CT kunye neengenelo zalo

Ii-Clamp-type current transformers (CTs) ziye zaba yindlela ekhethwayo yokuphumeza ukujonga amandla ngexesha langempela, ingakumbi kwiindawo zokulungisa apho ukulungisa iingcingo ezikhoyo kungenzeki.

Iingenelo ziquka:

• Ukufakelwa ngaphandle kokususa iisekethe

• Ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kubahlali okanye kwimisebenzi

• Ukuhambelana noluhlu olubanzi lwee-voltage kunye noqwalaselo lweentambo

• Ubuchule bokujonga iinkqubo zesigaba esinye, isigaba esahlulweyo, okanye iinkqubo zesigaba sesithathu

• Ukufaneleka kwezicelo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, kunye nemizi-mveliso elula

Yanamhlanjeiimitha zokubophaukubonelela ngamandla exesha langempela, umbane, i-voltage, ukungenisa/ukuthumela ngaphandle amandla, kwaye—ukuba kuyaxhaswa—ukuxilongwa kwesigaba ngasinye.

4. Ukubeka iliso kwiimitha kunye nokubeka iliso kwiindlela ezininzi zokusasazwa kwezinto

Izakhiwo zorhwebo, iihotele, iiyunithi zeentsapho ezininzi, kunye nezakhiwo zoshishino zifuna ukubonakala okucacileyo kokusetyenziswa kombane. Imitha enye yokuhlawula ayisanele.

Izicelo ziquka:

● Ukwabiwa kwamandla eeyunithi ezininzi

Abaphuhlisi bepropathi kunye nabaqhubi bezakhiwo badla ngokufuna idatha yokusetyenziswa kweyunithi nganye ukuze banike ingxelo ecacileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezindlu kunye nokugcinwa kwezindlu.

● Ukuhlanganiswa kwelanga kunye nokulinganisa i-net

Imitha yokujonga emacala omabiniixhasa ukulinganiswa kwexesha langempela kokungeniswa kwegridi kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwelanga.

● Ukuxilongwa kwe-HVAC kunye nepompo yobushushu

Ukubeka esweni ii-compressor, izixhobo zomoya, kunye neempompo zokujikeleza kwegazi kwenza ukuba ulondolozo oluqikelelweyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuphuculwe.

● Ukulinganisela umthwalo kwiinkqubo zezigaba ezintathu

Ukulayisha okungalinganiyo kunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ubushushu obandileyo, okanye uxinzelelo lwezixhobo.
Iimitha ezikrelekrele ezinokubonakala kwinqanaba lesigaba zinceda iinjineli ukusombulula ezi ngxaki.

5. Iimfuno zoHlanganiso: Oko Iinjineli Zikubeka Phambili

Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ezikrelekrele zifuna okungaphezulu kokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo; kufuneka zihambelane ngokufanelekileyo kwiiplatifomu ezahlukeneyo zamandla kunye noyilo lolawulo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele ziquka:

● Iindlela zoNxibelelwano

• Iiqela zeZigbee zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo ekhaya nasezakhiweni

• I-Wi-Fi ene-MQTT okanye i-HTTPS ekhuselekileyo

• Iindawo zonxibelelwano zeTCP zasekuhlaleni

• Iiseva zenethiwekhi zeLoRaWAN

• I-4G/LTE ene-API zelifu

● Hlaziya iiFomati zeFrequency kunye neeNgxelo

Izicelo ezahlukeneyo zifuna amaxesha ahlukeneyo okunika ingxelo.
Ukulungiswa kwemitha yelanga kunokufuna uhlaziyo olungaphantsi kwemizuzwana emi-5, ngelixa ukwakha iideshibhodi kunokubeka phambili izithuba ezizinzileyo zemizuzwana eli-10.

● Ukufikeleleka kwiDatha

Ii-API ezivulekileyo, izihloko ze-MQTT, okanye unxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi yendawo zivumela iinjineli ukuba zidibanise iimitha kwi:

• Iideshibhodi zamandla

• Iiplatifomu zeBMS

• Abalawuli bekhaya abakrelekrele

• Isoftware yokubeka esweni izinto ezisetyenziswayo

● Ukuhambelana kombane

Iimitha kufuneka zixhase:

• Isigaba esinye sama-230 V

• Isigaba sokwahlulahlula i-120/240 V (eMntla Melika)

• I-400 V yesigaba esithathu

• Iisekethe ezinombane ophezulu ngokusebenzisa ii-CT clamps

Abavelisi abanokuhambelana okubanzi benza kube lula ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

6. Apho kusetyenziswa khona iTekhnoloji yeSmart Meter

● Iinkqubo zamandla ezikrelekrele zokuhlala

Izindlu ezihlakaniphile ziyazuza ngokubonakala kwinqanaba lesekethe, imithetho yokuzenzekela, kunye nokuhlanganiswa nezinto ezivuselelekayo.

● Izakhiwo zorhwebo

Iihotele, iikhampasi, iindawo zokuthengisa, kunye nezakhiwo zeeofisi zisebenzisa iimitha ezikrelekrele ukuphucula imithwalo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yamandla.

● Iiprojekthi zeLanga ezisasazwe

Abafaki be-PV basebenzisa iimitha zokulandelela imveliso, ukulungelelanisa ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokwenza ngcono i-inverter.

● Ukwenziwa Kwemizi-mveliso Nokwenziwa Kokukhanya

Iimitha ezikrelekrele zixhasa ulawulo lomthwalo, ukuxilongwa kwezixhobo, kunye namaxwebhu okuthobela imithetho.

● Izakhiwo Ezinezindlu Ezininzi

Ukufaka imitha phantsi komhlaba kuvumela ukwabiwa kokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo nangokucacileyo kwabaqeshi.

7. Indlela i-OWON enegalelo ngayo kwiMitha yeSmart yanamhlanje (Imbono yoBugcisa)

Njengomphuhlisi kunye nomvelisi wezixhobo zamandla ezikrelekrele ixesha elide, i-OWON ibonelela ngezisombululo zokulinganisa ezakhiwe ngokuzinzileyo, ukuguquguquka kokuhlanganiswa, kunye neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide.
Endaweni yokubonelela ngezixhobo zabathengi ezizimeleyo, i-OWON igxile kuyilo lobunjineli oluhambelana neemfuno zezi:

• Abahlanganisi beenkqubo

• Abavelisi belanga kunye ne-HVAC

• Ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zamandla

• Abaphuhlisi bezindlu nabakhi abakrelekrele

• Amaqabane e-B2B ngobuninzi kunye ne-OEM/ODM

Ipotifoliyo ye-OWON ibandakanya:

• Inyosi yeZigbee, I-Wi-Fi, LoRakunye4Giimitha ezikrelekrele

• Ukubeka esweni ii-clamp-on multi-phase kunye ne-multi-circuit

• Inkxaso yoMncedisi waseKhaya ngeZigbee okanye iMQTT

• Ii-API zasekuhlaleni kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwesango lamaqonga amandla enziwe ngokwezifiso

• Izixhobo zekhompyutha kunye ne-firmware ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwiinkqubo ze-OEM/ODM

Izixhobo zenkampani zisetyenziswa ekuphuculeni iindawo zokuhlala, kwiinkqubo zeenkonzo, ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla elanga, nakwiinkqubo zamandla zorhwebo apho ukuthembeka nokuphindaphinda kubalulekile.

Isiphelo

Ukubeka iliso kumbane ngoku kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zamandla zanamhlanje, okuvumela ukubonakala okunzulu, ukwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kumakhaya, kwizakhiwo nakwiindawo zoshishino.
Nokuba isicelo siquka ukuzenzekela kwe-Home Assistant, ulawulo lwezakhiwo kwinqanaba lepotifoliyo, okanye iinkqubo zokulinganisa ezikrelekrele zesizwe, iimfuno ezisisiseko zihlala zihambelana: ukuchaneka, uzinzo, kunye nokukwazi ukuhlanganisa ixesha elide.

Kwimibutho efuna izisombululo ezithembekileyo, iimitha ezikrelekrele zeprotocol ezininzi—ezineendawo zokunxibelelana ezivulekileyo kunye nokusebenza okuqinileyo kokulinganisa—zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okufunekayo ukuxhasa zombini izicelo zamandla zangoku nezexesha elizayo. Abavelisi abanjengo-OWON banegalelo kolu tshintsho ngokubonelela ngezixhobo ezisebenzayo, ezilungele ubunjineli ezidityaniswe ngokungenamthungo kwiinkqubo zamandla zanamhlanje.

Ukufunda okunxulumene noko:

《Indlela i-Solar Panel Smart Meter eguqula ngayo ukubonakala kwamandla kwiinkqubo ze-PV zanamhlanje》