Umbhali: Ulink Media
Ukususela oko i-CSA Connectivity Standards Alliance (eyayisakuba yiZigbee Alliance) yakhupha iMatter 1.0 ngo-Okthobha kunyaka ophelileyo, abadlali bekhaya abakrelekrele basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe abafana neAmazon, Apple, Google, LG, Samsung, OPPO, Graffiti Intelligence, Xiaodu, njalo njalo baye bakhawulezisa uphuhliso lwenkxaso yeprotocol yeMatter, kwaye abathengisi bezixhobo zokugqibela nabo baye balandela loo mzekelo.
NgoMeyi kulo nyaka, inguqulelo yeMatter 1.1 ikhutshiwe, nto leyo ephucula inkxaso namava ophuhliso lwezixhobo ezisebenzisa ibhetri. Kutshanje, iCSA Connectivity Standards Consortium iphinde yakhupha inguqulelo yeMatter 1.2. Zeziphi utshintsho lwamva nje kumgangatho weMatter ohlaziyiweyo? Zeziphi utshintsho lwamva nje kumgangatho weMatter ohlaziyiweyo? Imarike yekhaya ekrelekrele yaseTshayina ingazuza njani kumgangatho weMatter?
Ngezantsi, ndiza kuhlalutya imeko yangoku yophuhliso lweMatter kunye nefuthe eliqhuba imarike elinokuziswa luhlaziyo lweMatter1.2.
01 Isiphumo sokuqhutywa yiMatter
Ngokwedatha yamva nje kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni, i-CSA Alliance inamalungu angama-33 aqalise, kwaye iinkampani ezingaphezu kwama-350 sele zithatha inxaxheba kwaye zinegalelo kwinkqubo yendalo yomgangatho weMatter. Abavelisi abaninzi bezixhobo, iindawo eziphilayo, iilabhoratri zovavanyo, kunye nabathengisi beetships nganye nganye inegalelo kwimpumelelo yomgangatho weMatter ngeendlela zayo ezibalulekileyo kwimarike nakubathengi.
Kunyaka nje emva kokukhululwa kwayo njengomgangatho wekhaya okrelekrele othethwa kakhulu, umgangatho weMatter sele udityaniswe kwiichipsets ezininzi, iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo, kwaye wongezwa kwizixhobo ezininzi kwimarike. Okwangoku, kukho iimveliso zeMatter eziqinisekisiweyo ezingaphezu kwe-1,800, ii-apps kunye namaqonga esoftware.
Kwiiplatifomu eziqhelekileyo, iMatter sele ihambelana neAmazon Alexa, iApple HomeKit, iGoogle Home kunye neSamsung SmartThings.
Ngokuphathelele imakethi yaseTshayina, sele kudlule ixesha elide ukususela oko izixhobo zeMatter zaveliswa ngokusesikweni ngobuninzi kweli lizwe, nto leyo eyenza iTshayina ibe ngumthombo omkhulu wabavelisi bezixhobo kwi-ecosystem yeMatter. Kwiimveliso kunye nezixhobo zesoftware eziqinisekisiweyo ezingaphezu kwe-1,800, ama-60 ekhulwini avela kumalungu aseTshayina.
Kuthiwa iTshayina ine-value chain yonke ukusuka kubenzi beetship ukuya kubaboneleli ngeenkonzo, ezifana neelabhoratri zovavanyo kunye neeProduct Attestation Authorities (PAAs). Ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukufika kweMatter kwimarike yaseTshayina, iCSA Consortium iseke i-"CSA Consortium China Member Group" (CMGC) ezinikeleyo, enamalungu amalunga nama-40 anomdla kwimarike yaseTshayina, kwaye izinikele ekukhuthazeni ukwamkelwa kwemigangatho yokunxibelelana kunye nokwenza lula iingxoxo zobugcisa kwimarike yaseTshayina.
Ngokuphathelele iintlobo zeemveliso ezixhaswa yiMatter, iqela lokuqala leentlobo zezixhobo ezixhaswayo zezi: izibane kunye nombane (iibhalbhu zokukhanya, iisokhethi, iiswitshi), ulawulo lwe-HVAC, amakhethini kunye needrape, izitshixo zomnyango, izixhobo zokudlala imidiya, ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko kunye neenzwa (iimagnethi zomnyango, iialamu), izixhobo zokubopha (iisango), kunye nezixhobo zokulawula (iifowuni eziphathwayo, izithethi ezikrelekrele, kunye neephaneli eziphakathi kunye nezinye izixhobo ezine-app yolawulo edibeneyo).
Njengoko uphuhliso lweMatter luqhubeka, luya kuhlaziywa kube kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka, kunye nohlaziyo olujolise kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili: ukongezwa kweempawu ezintsha (umz., iintlobo zezixhobo), ukuphuculwa kweenkcukacha zobugcisa, kunye nokuphuculwa kwe-SDK kunye nobuchule bokuvavanya.
Ngokuphathelele indlela yokusebenzisa iMatter, imakethi iqinisekile kakhulu ngeMatter phantsi kweenzuzo ezininzi. Le ndlela idibeneyo nethembekileyo yokufikelela kwinethiwekhi ayizukwenza amava abathengi kwikhaya elikrelekrele anyuke kuphela, kodwa ikwakhuthaza abaphuhlisi bezindlu kunye neenkampani zolawulo lwezakhiwo ukuba baphinde bahlole ukubaluleka kokusasazwa okukhulu kwekhaya elikrelekrele, nto leyo eyenza ishishini ligcwale ngamandla amakhulu.
Ngokutsho kwe-ABI Research, umbutho wophando oqeqeshiweyo, i-Matter protocol yeyona protocol yokuqala kwicandelo lekhaya elikrelekrele elinomtsalane omkhulu. Ngokutsho kwe-ABI Research, ukususela ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2030, izixhobo zeMatter ezizibhiliyoni ezi-5.5 ziya kuthunyelwa, kwaye ngo-2030, iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo zeMatter ezingaphezulu kwe-1.5 yezigidigidi ziya kuthunyelwa minyaka le.
Izinga lokungena kwekhaya elikrelekrele kwimimandla efana ne-Asia Pacific, iYurophu kunye neLatin America liza kwandiswa ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yempembelelo enamandla yesivumelwano seMatter.
Lilonke, kubonakala ngathi ukugqabhuka kweenkwenkwezi kukaMatter bekungenakuthintelwa, nto leyo ebonisa nomnqweno wemarike yezindlu ezikrelekrele wokuba kubekho inkqubo yendalo emanyeneyo.
02 Indawo yokuphucula isivumelwano esitsha
Olu khululo lweMatter 1.2 luquka iintlobo zezixhobo ezisithoba ezintsha kunye nohlaziyo kunye nolwandiso kwiindidi zeemveliso ezikhoyo, kunye nophuculo olubalulekileyo kwiinkcukacha ezikhoyo, ii-SDK, imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqinisekisa kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo.
Iintlobo zezixhobo ezitsha ezilithoba:
1. Iifriji - Ukongeza kulawulo olusisiseko kunye nokubeka esweni ubushushu, olu hlobo lwesixhobo lusebenza nakwezinye izixhobo ezinxulumene noko ezifana neefriji ezinzulu kwaneefriji zewayini kunye neepickle.
2. Ii-air conditioner zegumbi - Nangona ii-HVAC kunye nee-thermostat ziye zaba yiMatter 1.0, ii-air conditioner zegumbi ezizimeleyo ezinolawulo lobushushu kunye nemodi yefeni ngoku ziyaxhaswa.
3. Izixhobo zokuhlamba izitya - Izinto ezisisiseko ezifana nezaziso zokuqalisa kude kunye nenkqubela ziyaxhaswa. Iialamu zokuhlamba izitya nazo ziyaxhaswa, zigubungela iimpazamo zokusebenza ezifana nokunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nedreyini, ubushushu, kunye neempazamo zokutshixa iingcango.
4. Umatshini wokuhlamba - Izaziso zenkqubela phambili, ezinje ngokugqitywa komjikelo, zingathunyelwa ngeMatter. Ukukhutshwa kweMatter kuya kuxhaswa kwixesha elizayo.
5. Umtshisi - Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezisisiseko ezifana nezaziso zokuqalisa kude kunye nenkqubela phambili, iimpawu eziphambili ezifana neendlela zokucoca (ukucoca nge-vacuum okomileyo ngokuchasene nokumopha okumanzi) kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zesimo (imeko yebhrashi, iingxelo zeempazamo, imeko yokutshaja) ziyaxhaswa.
6. Ii-Alarm ze-Smoke kunye ne-Carbon Monoxide - Ezi alarm ziya kuxhasa izaziso kunye nemiqondiso yesilumkiso kunye neyomsindo. Izilumkiso malunga nesimo sebhetri kunye nezaziso zokuphela kobomi nazo ziyaxhaswa. Ezi alarm zikwaxhasa ukuvavanya ngokwakho. Ii-alarm ze-Carbon Monoxide zixhasa ukuqonda ukugxila njengendawo eyongezelelweyo yedatha.
7. Izinzwa zoMgangatho woMoya - Izinzwa ezixhaswayo zibamba kwaye zinike ingxelo: PM1, PM 2.5, PM 10, CO2, NO2, VOC, CO, ozone, radon, kunye ne-formaldehyde. Ukongeza, ukongezwa kwamaqela omgangatho womoya kuvumela izixhobo zeMatter ukuba zinike ulwazi lwe-AQI ngokusekelwe kwindawo yesixhobo.
8. Isicoci somoya - Isicoci sisebenzisa uhlobo lwesixhobo senzwa yomgangatho womoya ukubonelela ngolwazi lokuva kwaye sikwabandakanya iimpawu zezinye iintlobo zezixhobo ezifana neefeni (ezifunekayo) kunye nee-thermostats (ukhetho). Isicoci somoya sikwabandakanya nokubeka esweni izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ezizisa imeko yesihluzi (ii-HEPA kunye nezihluzi zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo zixhaswa kwi-1.2).
9. Iifeni -Into ebaluleke kakhulu 1.2 ibandakanya inkxaso yabalandeli njengohlobo lwesixhobo esahlukileyo nesiqinisekisiweyo. Iifeni ngoku zixhasa intshukumo efana neRock/Oscillate kunye neendlela ezintsha ezifana neNatural Breeze kunye neSleep Breeze. Ezinye izinto eziphuculweyo ziquka ukukwazi ukutshintsha indlela yokuhamba komoya (phambili nangasemva) kunye nemiyalelo yenyathelo lokutshintsha isantya sokuhamba komoya.
Uphuculo oluphambili:
1. Iitshixo zomnyango weLatch - Uphuculo lwemarike yaseYurophu lubonisa ulungelelwaniso oluqhelekileyo lweeyunithi zokutshixa ezidibeneyo zelatch kunye nebolt.
2. Inkangeleko yesixhobo - Inkcazo yenkangeleko yesixhobo yongezwe ukuze izixhobo zichazwe ngokwemibala yazo kunye nokugqitywa kwazo. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba izixhobo zibe luncedo kubo bonke abathengi.
3. Ulwakhiwo lweSixhobo kunye ne-Endpoint - Izixhobo ngoku zinokwenziwa ngamanqanaba e-endpoint antsonkothileyo, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwemodeli ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo, ii-switch ze-multi-unit kunye ne-luminaires ezininzi.
4. Iithegi zeSemantic - Ibonelela ngendlela esebenzisanayo yokuchaza amaqela aqhelekileyo kunye neendawo zokugqibela zendawo kunye nomsebenzi we-semantic Matter ukuze kuvumeleke ukuhanjiswa okulinganayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kubathengi abahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, iilebhile zesemantic zingasetyenziselwa ukumela indawo kunye nomsebenzi weqhosha ngalinye kulawulo olukude olunamaqhosha amaninzi.
5. Inkcazo ngokubanzi yeemeko zokusebenza kwesixhobo - Ukubonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwesixhobo ngendlela eqhelekileyo kuya kwenza kube lula ukuvelisa uhlobo olutsha lwesixhobo iMatters kwiimveliso ezizayo kwaye kuqinisekiswe inkxaso yaso esisiseko kubathengi abahlukeneyo.
Uphuculo olungaphantsi kwehood: I-Matter SDK kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo
I-Matter 1.2 izisa uphuculo olubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yovavanyo kunye nesatifikethi ukunceda iinkampani ukuba zithengise iimveliso zazo (i-hardware, isoftware, ii-chipsets kunye nezicelo) ngokukhawuleza. Olu phuculo luya kunceda uluntu olubanzi lwabaphuhlisi kunye ne-ecosystem ye-Matter.
Inkxaso yeQonga elitsha kwi-SDK - I-Matter 1.2 SDK ngoku iyafumaneka kumaqonga amatsha, nto leyo enika abaphuhlisi iindlela ezininzi zokwakha iimveliso ezintsha nge-Matter.
I-Enhanced Matter Test Harness - Izixhobo zovavanyo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa ngokufanelekileyo kweenkcukacha kunye nokusebenza kwazo. Izixhobo zovavanyo ngoku ziyafumaneka ngomthombo ovulekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kubaphuhlisi beMatter ukuba banikele kwizixhobo (ukuzenza zibe ngcono) kwaye baqinisekise ukuba basebenzisa inguqulelo yamva nje (eneempawu zonke kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo).
Njengobuchwepheshe obuqhutywa yimarike, iintlobo ezintsha zezixhobo, iimpawu kunye nohlaziyo olwenza ukuba lube yi-Matter specification release ziziphumo zokuzinikela kweenkampani ezingamalungu kwizigaba ezininzi zokudalwa, ukuphunyezwa kunye novavanyo. Kutshanje, amalungu amaninzi ahlanganisene ukuvavanya inguqulelo 1.2 kwiindawo ezimbini eTshayina naseYurophu ukuqinisekisa uhlaziyo olukwi-specification.
03 Umbono ocacileyo wekamva
Zeziphi izinto ezilungileyo
Okwangoku, abavelisi abaninzi basekhaya baye bathatha inxaxheba ekuqalisweni nasekukhuthazweni kweMatter, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa nokwamkelwa okusebenzayo kwenkqubo yekhaya elikrelekrele phesheya kolwandle yomgangatho weMatter, amashishini asekhaya abonakala elumkile ngokubanzi xa elinde aze abone. Ukongeza kwiinkxalabo malunga nokufika kancinci kwimarike yasekhaya kunye neendleko eziphezulu zesatifikethi esisemgangathweni, kukwakho neenkxalabo malunga nobunzima bokwabelana ngenethiwekhi phantsi komdlalo wamaqonga ahlukeneyo.
Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kukwakho nezinto ezininzi eziluncedo kwimarike yaseTshayina.
1. Amandla apheleleyo emarike yezindlu ezikrelekrele ayaqhubeka nokukhululwa
Ngokwedatha yeStatista, kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2026, ubungakanani bemarike yezindlu ezikrelekrele zasekhaya kulindeleke ukuba bufikelele kwi-$45.3 yeebhiliyoni. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokungena kwezindlu ezikrelekrele zaseTshayina eliyi-13% lisekwinqanaba eliphantsi, uninzi lweendidi zezindlu ezikrelekrele zinezinga lokungena elingaphantsi kwe-10%. Abantu abangaphakathi kushishino bakholelwa ukuba ngokuqaliswa koluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe malunga nokuzonwabisa emakhaya, ukuguga kunye nokonga amandla e-dual-carbon, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlu ezikrelekrele kunye nobunzulu bazo kunokukhuthaza ngakumbi uphuhliso olupheleleyo lweshishini lezindlu ezikrelekrele.
2. I-Matter inceda amashishini amancinci naphakathi (ii-SME) ukuba asebenzise amathuba amatsha oshishino "elwandle".
Okwangoku, ikhaya elihlakaniphileyo lasekhaya ligxile kakhulu kwimarike yezindlu, umaleko othe tyaba kunye nezinye iimarike zangaphambi kokufakelwa, ngelixa abathengi bamanye amazwe bethatha inyathelo lokuthenga iimveliso zoyilo lwe-DIY. Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeemarike zasekhaya nezangaphandle zibonelela ngamathuba ahlukeneyo kubavelisi basekhaya kwiicandelo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Ngokusekelwe kwiindlela zobuchwepheshe zeMatter kunye ne-ecosystem, inokufezekisa unxibelelwano kunye nokusebenzisana kwekhaya elihlakaniphile kwiiplatifomu, amafu kunye neeprotokholi, ezinokunceda amashishini amancinci naphakathi ukuba afumane amathuba amatsha oshishino, kwaye kwixesha elizayo, njengoko i-ecosystem ikhula kancinci kwaye ikhula, kukholelwa ukuba iya kondla ngakumbi imakethi yabathengi basekhaya abahlakaniphileyo. Ngokukodwa, uyilo lwenkonzo ye-smart scene yendlu yonke olujolise kwindawo yokuhlala yabantu luya kuba luncedo olukhulu.
3. Iitshaneli ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi zokukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwamava omsebenzisi
Okwangoku, imakethi yasekhaya yolindelo lweMatter igxile kakhulu kwizixhobo zokuya phesheya, kodwa ngokubuya kokusetyenziswa emva kobhubhane, inani elikhulu labavelisi bezindlu ezikrelekrele kunye namaqonga enza imizamo yokuba ngumkhwa omkhulu kwiivenkile ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi. Ngokusekelwe kulwakhiwo lwendalo kwindawo ngaphakathi kwesitishi sevenkile, ubukho beMatter buza kuvumela amava omsebenzisi ukuba anyuke kakhulu, izixhobo zokuqala zasekhaya azinakufezekisa umba wonxibelelwano uphuculwe kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela kukhokelela abathengi ukuba bafikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu leenjongo zokuthenga ngokusekelwe kumava okwenyani.
Lilonke, ixabiso leMatter libanzi.
Kubasebenzisi, ukufika kweMatter kuya kwandisa uluhlu lwezinto abanokukhetha kuzo abasebenzisi, abangasathintelwanga yinkqubo yeempawu ezivaliweyo kwaye banike ukubaluleka ngakumbi ekukhetheni ngokukhululekileyo imbonakalo yemveliso, umgangatho, ukusebenza kwayo kunye nezinye izinto.
Kwi-ecology yemizi-mveliso, iMatter ikhawulezisa ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo yendalo yekhaya elikrelekrele yehlabathi kunye namashishini, kwaye iyinto ebalulekileyo ekukhuliseni imarike yekhaya elikrelekrele lonke.
Enyanisweni, ukuvela kweMatter akuyonzuzo enkulu kuphela kushishino lwekhaya olukrelekrele, kodwa kuya kuba yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo eziqhuba "ixesha elitsha" le-IoT kwixesha elizayo ngenxa yokunyuka kwebhrendi kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwexabiso le-IoT okuziselayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-26-2023