Indlela yokufaka iiMeter zamandla ezichasene nokuBuya (Zero-Export) kwiinkqubo zePV - Isikhokelo esipheleleyo

Intshayelelo

Njengoko ukwamkelwa kwe-photovoltaic (PV) kukhawuleziswa, iiprojekthi ezininzi zijongeneiimfuneko zokuthumela ngaphandleIzixhobo zikagesi zihlala zithintela amandla elanga agqithisileyo ukuba abuyele kwigridi, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinee-transformers ezigcweleyo, ubunini obungacacanga bamalungelo oqhagamshelo lwegridi, okanye imithetho engqongqo yomgangatho wamandla. Esi sikhokelo sichaza indlela yokufakaiimitha zamandla ezichasene nokubuyela umva (ezingenalo ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe), izisombululo eziphambili ezikhoyo, kunye noqwalaselo olufanelekileyo lobungakanani kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ze-PV ezahlukeneyo.

1. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele ngaphambi kokuba ufake

Iimeko Eziyimfuneko Zokungathumeli Ngaphandle Kwempahla

• Ukwanda kwe-transformer: Xa ii-transformers zasekuhlaleni sele zisebenza ngamandla aphezulu, amandla angasemva anokubangela ukugqithiswa kakhulu, ukukhubeka, okanye ukusilela kwezixhobo.

• Ukuzisebenzisa ngokwakho kuphela (akuvumelekanga ukuthumela ngaphandle igridi): Iiprojekthi ezingenayo imvume yegridi yokungenisa kufuneka zisebenzise wonke amandla avelisiweyo apha ekhaya.

• Ukhuseleko lomgangatho wamandla: Amandla abuyela umva anokungenisa izinto zeDC, iiharmonics, okanye imithwalo engalinganiyo, nto leyo ethoba umgangatho wegridi.

Uluhlu Lokuhlola Ngaphambi Kokufaka

• Ukuhambelana kwesixhobo: Qinisekisa ukuba umthamo wemitha uhambelana nobukhulu benkqubo ye-PV (isigaba esinye ≤8kW, isigaba sesithathu >8kW). Jonga unxibelelwano lwe-inverter (RS485 okanye elinganayo).

• Okusingqongileyo: Ukufakela ngaphandle, lungisa iindawo ezivalekileyo ezingangeni manzi. Kwiinkqubo ze-multi-inverter, cwangcisa i-RS485 bus wiring okanye i-Ethernet data concentrators.

• Ukuthobela imithetho kunye nokhuseleko: Qinisekisa indawo yoqhagamshelo lwegridi kunye nesixhobo sombane, kwaye ujonge ukuba uluhlu lomthwalo luyahambelana nokuveliswa kwe-PV okulindelweyo.

2. Izisombululo zeCore Zero-Export

Isisombululo 1: Ukunciphisa Amandla ngoLawulo lwe-Inverter

• Umgaqo: Imitha ekrelekrele ilinganisa ulwalathiso lwangoku ngexesha langempela. Xa kufunyenwe ukuhamba okungasemva, imitha inxibelelana nge-RS485 (okanye ezinye iiprotokholi) ne-inverter, nto leyo enciphisa amandla ayo okukhupha ide i-export = 0.

• Iimeko zokusetyenziswa: Iindawo ezigcwele i-transformer, iiprojekthi zokuzisebenzisa ngokwazo ezinemithwalo ezinzileyo.

• Iingenelo: Ilula, ingabizi kakhulu, impendulo ekhawulezayo, akukho mfuneko yokugcina.

Isisombululo sesi-2: Ukufunxwa komthwalo okanye ukuHlanganisa uGcino lwaMandla

• Umgaqo: Imitha ijonga umbane kwindawo yoqhagamshelo lwegridi. Endaweni yokunciphisa ukuphuma kwe-inverter, amandla agqithisileyo adluliselwa kwiinkqubo zokugcina okanye kwimithwalo yokulahla inkunkuma (umz., izifudumezi, izixhobo zoshishino).

• Iimeko zokusetyenziswa: Iiprojekthi ezinemithwalo eguquguqukayo kakhulu, okanye apho ukwenziwa kwe-PV okuphezulu kuyinto ephambili.

• Iingenelo: Ii-inverters zihlala kwimodi ye-MPPT, amandla awachithwa, i-ROI ephezulu yenkqubo.

3. Iimeko zoFakelo ngokobukhulu beNkqubo

Iinkqubo ze-Single-Inverter (≤100 kW)

• Uqwalaselo: I-inverter e-1 + imitha ehlakaniphile e-1 emacala omabini.

• Indawo yemitha: Phakathi kwe-AC output ye-inverter kunye ne-main breaker. Akukho mithwalo iminye ekufuneka idityaniswe phakathi.

• Umyalelo wocingo: I-PV inverter → IiTransformers zangoku (ukuba zisetyenzisiwe) → Imitha yamandla ehlakaniphileyo → Isixhobo esiphambili sokwaphula i-intanethi → Imithwalo yendawo / Igridi.

• Ingqiqo: Imitha ilinganisa ulwalathiso kunye namandla, emva koko i-inverter ilungisa imveliso ukuze ihambelane nomthwalo.

• Inzuzo: Ucingo olulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, impendulo ekhawulezayo.

Iinkqubo ze-Multi-Inverter (>100 kW)

• Uqwalaselo: Ii-inverters ezininzi + imitha yamandla ehlakaniphileyo e-1 + i-concentrator yedatha e-1.

• Indawo yemitha: Kwindawo yokudibanisa igridi eqhelekileyo (zonke iziphumo ze-inverter zidityanisiwe).

• Ucingo lwentambo: Iziphumo ze-Inverter → Ibha yebhasi → Imitha ye-Bidirectional → I-Data concentrator → I-Main breaker → Igridi/Imithwalo.

• Ingqiqo: I-data concentrator iqokelela idatha yemitha kwaye isasaze imiyalelo kwi-inverter nganye ngokulinganayo.

• Inzuzo: Ulawulo olunokukhuliswa, oluphakathi, useto lweparameter oluguquguqukayo.

4. Ukufakelwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeProjekthi

Iiprojekthi Zokuzisebenzisa Kuphela

• ImfunekoAkukho grid ithunyelwa ngaphandle evumelekileyo.

• Indawo yemitha: Phakathi kwe-inverter AC output kunye ne-local load breaker. Akukho switch yoqhagamshelo lwegridi esetyenziswayo.

• Itshekhi: Vavanya phantsi kokuveliswa okupheleleyo ngaphandle komthwalo — i-inverter kufuneka yehlise amandla aye kwi-zero.

Iiprojekthi zokugcwala kweTransformer

• Imfuneko: Uqhagamshelo lwegridi luvumelekile, kodwa amandla okubuyela umva awavumelekanga ngokupheleleyo.

• Indawo yemitha: Phakathi kwemveliso ye-inverter kunye ne-grid connection breaker.

• IngqiqoUkuba kufunyenwe amandla angasemva, i-inverter inciphisa ukuphuma; njenge-backup, ii-breakers zinokuqhawula umbane ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo lwe-transformer.

Iiprojekthi zokuZisebenzisa zeNdabuko + zoThumelo lweGridi

• Imfuneko: Ukuthumela ngaphandle kuvumelekile, kodwa kulinganiselwe.

• Ukuseta imitha: Imitha echasene nokubuyela umva ifakwe ngochungechunge kunye nemitha yokuhlawula yale nkampani.

• Ingqiqo: Imitha echasene nokubuyela umva ithintela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe; kuphela xa imitha yombane ingasebenzi apho irekhoda khona.

5. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Umbuzo 1: Ngaba imitha ngokwayo iyayimisa indlela ebuyela umva?
Hayi. Imitha ilinganisa icala lamandla ize iyixele. I-inverter okanye isilawuli senza isenzo.

Umbuzo 2: Inkqubo ingasabela ngokukhawuleza kangakanani?
Ngokwesiqhelo ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-1-2, kuxhomekeke kwisantya sonxibelelwano kunye ne-firmware ye-inverter.

Umbuzo 3: Kwenzeka ntoni xa inethiwekhi ingasebenzi kakuhle?
Unxibelelwano lwengingqi (RS485 okanye ulawulo oluthe ngqo) luqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluqhubekayo nokuba akukho intanethi.

Umbuzo 4: Ngaba ezi mitha zingasebenza kwiinkqubo zesigaba esahlulweyo (120/240V)?
Ewe, iimodeli ezithile zenzelwe ukujongana nolwakhiwo lwesigaba esahlulweyo esisetyenziswa eMntla Melika.

Isiphelo

Ukuthobela imithetho yokuthumela ngaphandle kwe-zero kuya kuba yimfuneko kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ze-PV. Ngokufaka iimitha zamandla ezikrelekrele ezichasene nokubuyela umva kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye uzidibanise nee-inverters, imithwalo yokulahla inkunkuma, okanye indawo yokugcina izinto,Ii-EPC, abakhi, kunye nabaphuhlisiinokubonelela ngeenkqubo zelanga ezithembekileyo nezithobela imithetho. Ezi zisombululo azipheleli nje ekunikezenikhusela igridikodwa kwakhonaukwandisa ukuzisebenzisa kunye ne-ROIkubasebenzisi bokugqibela.