Kumbhali waseTaliyane uCalvino "IsiXeko Esingabonakaliyo" kukho esi sivakalisi: "Isixeko sifana nephupha, yonke into enokuthi icingelwe inokuphupha ..."
Njengendalo enkulu yenkcubeko yoluntu, esi sixeko sithwele ulangazelelo loluntu lobomi obungcono. Kangangamawaka eminyaka, ukusuka kwiPlato ukuya kwi-More, abantu bebesoloko benqwenela ukwakha i-utopia. Ke, ngandlel’ ithile, ukwakhiwa kwezixeko ezitsha ezikrelekrele kusondele kubukho bamaphupha abantu obomi obungcono.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, phantsi kophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesiseko esitsha saseTshayina kunye nesizukulwana esitsha setekhnoloji yolwazi efana ne-Intanethi yeZinto, ulwakhiwo lwezixeko ezikrelekrele luguquguquka ngokupheleleyo, kunye nesixeko samaphupha esinokuva kwaye sicinge, siguquke kwaye sibe ubushushu ngokuthe ngcembe buba yinyani.
Iprojekthi yesibini enkulu kwintsimi ye-IoT: Iidolophu ezihlakaniphile
Izixeko ezihlakaniphileyo kunye neeprojekthi zedolophu ezihlakaniphile ziye zaba zezona ziphunyezo zixoxwa ngokusebenzayo, eziye zaphunyezwa ngokukodwa ngendlela enenjongo kunye nedibeneyo kwi-Intanethi yeZinto, idatha kunye noqhagamshelwano, usebenzisa indibaniselwano yezisombululo kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Iiprojekthi zesixeko ezihlakaniphile zisetelwe ukuba zonyuke kakhulu njengoko zikhapha inguqu ukusuka kwiiprojekthi zedolophu ezikrelekrele zexeshana ukuya kwizixeko zokuqala ezikrelekrele. Enyanisweni, oku kukhula kwaqala kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwaye kwakhawuleza kwi-2016. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kulula ukubona ukuba iiprojekthi zedolophu ezihlakaniphile zingenye yeendawo ezihamba phambili ze-IoT ekusebenzeni.
Ngokohlalutyo lwengxelo epapashwe yi-IoT Analytics, inkampani yaseJamani yohlalutyo lwe-IoT, iiprojekthi zesixeko esikrelekrele zeyesibini iiprojekthi ezinkulu ze-IoT ngokwesabelo sehlabathi seeprojekthi ze-IoT, emva koshishino lwe-Intanethi. Kwaye phakathi kweeprojekthi zesixeko esikrelekrele, esona sicelo sidumileyo kuthutho oluhlakaniphileyo, lulandelwa zizixhobo eziluncedo.
Ukuze ube sisixeko "sokwenyani" esilumkileyo, izixeko zidinga indlela edibeneyo edibanisa iiprojekthi kunye neglu kunye uninzi lwedatha kunye namaqonga okuqonda zonke izibonelelo zesixeko esilumkileyo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubuchwephesha obuvulekileyo kunye neeplatifomu zedatha ezivulekileyo ziya kuba sisiseko sokufudukela kwinqanaba elilandelayo.
I-IDC ithi iiplatifomu zedatha evulekileyo kwi-2018 yimida elandelayo kwingxoxo ukuze ibe yi-platform ye-IoT. Ngelixa oku kuya kuhlangabezana nemiqobo ethile kwaye akukho nto ikhankanyiweyo yezixeko ezikrelekrele, kucacile ukuba uphuhliso lwamaqonga edatha avulekileyo ngokuqinisekileyo luya kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwindawo yedolophu ehlakaniphile.
Olu tshintsho lwedatha evulekileyo lukhankanyiwe kwi-IDC FutureScape: I-2017 Global IoT Forecast, apho i-firm ithi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40% yoorhulumente basekhaya kunye nommandla baya kusebenzisa i-IoT ukuguqula iziseko ezifana nezitrato, iindlela kunye neempawu zezithuthi zibe yi-asethi, kunokuba iimfanelo. , ngo-2019.
Zeziphi iimeko zesicelo sesixeko esihlakaniphile?
Mhlawumbi asikhawulezi sicinge ngeeprojekthi ezikrelekrele zokusingqongileyo kunye neeprojekthi ezilumkileyo zokhukula, kodwa ayinakuphikiswa ukuba zibalulekile kwiiprojekthi zedolophu ezikrelekrele. Ngokomzekelo, xa ungcoliseko lwendalo yasezidolophini lucelomngeni, ke esi sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokwakha iiprojekthi zedolophu ezihlakaniphile, njengoko zinokubonelela ngokukhawuleza kunye neenzuzo eziluncedo kubemi.
Ewe kunjalo, imizekelo yesixeko esikrelekrele edume ngakumbi ibandakanya ukupaka ngobuchule, ulawulo lwetrafikhi ngobuchule, ukukhanyisa ezitalatweni ngobuchule kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma ngobuchule. Oko kwathiwa, ezi meko zikwathande ukudibanisa umxube wobuchule, ukusombulula iingxaki zasezidolophini, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukuphucula ubomi beendawo zasezidolophini, nokubeka abemi kuqala ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
Ezi zilandelayo zezinye iimeko zesicelo okanye iindawo malunga nezixeko ezihlakaniphile.
Iinkonzo zoluntu, ezifana neenkonzo zoluntu, iinkonzo zokhenketho, ezothutho zikawonke-wonke, isazisi kunye nolawulo, kunye neenkonzo zolwazi.
Ukhuseleko loluntu, kwiindawo ezinje ngokukhanya okukhaliphileyo, ukubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo, ukulandelwa kwe-asethi, ubupolisa, ukujongwa kwevidiyo kunye nempendulo kaxakeka.
Uzinzo, kubandakanya ukubeka iliso kokusingqongileyo, ulawulo lwenkunkuma ngobuchule kunye nokurisayikilisha, amandla akrelekrele, ukulinganisa imitha ngobuchule, amanzi akrelekrele, njl.
Iziseko zophuhliso, kubandakanywa iziseko zophuhliso ezikrelekrele, ukujongwa kwezempilo kwizakhiwo kunye nezikhumbuzo, izakhiwo ezikrelekrele, ukunkcenkceshela ngobuchule, njl.
Ezothutho: iindlela ezikrelekrele, ukwabelana ngesithuthi esiqhagamshelweyo, indawo yokupaka ngobuchule, ulawulo lwetrafikhi ngobuchule, ingxolo kunye nokubeka iliso kungcoliseko, njl.
Ukudityaniswa okungaphezulu kwemisebenzi yesixeko esilumkileyo kunye neenkonzo kwiindawo ezinjengokhathalelo lwezempilo olulumkileyo, imfundo elumkileyo, ulawulo olulumkileyo, ukucwangcisa ngobuchule, kunye nedatha ekrelekrele / evulekileyo, zizinto eziphambili ezivumela izixeko ezikrelekrele.
Ngaphezulu nje “kweTekhnoloji” esekwe kwisixeko esikrelekrele
Njengoko siqala ukuqhubela phambili kwizixeko ezikrelekrele ngokwenene, ukhetho malunga noqhagamshelo, utshintshiselwano lwedatha, amaqonga e-IoT, kunye nokunye kuya kuqhubeka nokuvela.
Ngokukodwa kwiimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa ezinje ngolawulo lwenkunkuma elumkileyo okanye indawo yokupaka ngobuchule, isitaki sobuchwephesha be-IoT kwizicelo zanamhlanje zesixeko silula kwaye asibizi kakhulu. Ubume bedolophu buhlala bunokhuseleko olululo olululo lweendawo ezishukumayo, kukho amafu, kukho izisombululo kunye neemveliso ezilungiselelwe iiprojekthi zesixeko esikrelekrele, kwaye kukho amandla aphantsi onxibelelwano lwenethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (LPWAN) kwizixeko ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele ezanele izicelo ezininzi.
Ngelixa kukho umba obalulekileyo wobugcisa koku, kukho okuninzi kwizixeko ezikrelekrele kunoko. Umntu unokude axoxe ngokuba kuthetha ukuthini “smart”. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kubunyani obuntsonkothileyo nobunzulu bezixeko ezikrelekrele, imalunga nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabemi kunye nokusombulula imingeni yabantu, uluntu kunye noluntu lwasezidolophini.
Ngamanye amazwi: izixeko ezineeprojekthi zedolophu ezihlakaniphileyo aziyiyo imiboniso yetekhnoloji, kodwa iinjongo eziphunyeziweyo ngokusekelwe kwimbono epheleleyo yendawo eyakhiweyo kunye neemfuno zabantu (kubandakanywa neemfuno zomoya). Enyanisweni, ilizwe ngalinye kunye nenkcubeko yahlukile, nangona iimfuno ezisisiseko zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye zibandakanya iinjongo zokusebenza kunye nezoshishino.
Embindini wayo nayiphi na into ebizwa ngokuba bubulumko namhlanje, nokuba zizakhiwo ezikrelekrele, iigridi ezikrelekrele okanye izixeko ezikrelekrele, kukuqhagamshelwa kunye nedatha, eyenziwa bubuchwephesha obahlukeneyo kwaye iguqulelwe kubukrelekrele obuxhasa ukwenziwa kwezigqibo. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ukuba uqhagamshelo yi-Intanethi yeZinto nje; uluntu oluqhagamsheleneyo kunye nabemi babaluleke kakhulu.
Ngenxa yemiceli mngeni emininzi yehlabathi efana nokwaluphala kunye nemiba yemozulu, kunye "nezifundo ezifundiweyo" kulo bhubhani, kucacile ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili ukuphinda kuqwalaselwe injongo yezixeko, ngakumbi ukusukela imeko yentlalo kunye nomgangatho woluntu. ubomi buya kusoloko bunzima.
Uphononongo lwe-Accenture olujonge kwiinkonzo zoluntu ezijolise kubemi, oluphonononge ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha obuquka i-Intanethi yeZinto, lufumanise ukuba ukuphuculwa kokwaneliseka kwabemi ngenene kwakuphambili kuluhlu. Njengoko i-infographic yophononongo ibonisa, ukuphucula ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi bekuphezulu (80%), kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuphumeza ubugcisa obutsha obuqhagamshelweyo kukhokelele kwiziphumo ezibonakalayo.
Yeyiphi imingeni ekuphumezeni isixeko esilumke ngokwenene?
Ngelixa iiprojekthi zesixeko ezikrelekrele sele zikhulile kwaye ezintsha zisaziswa kwaye zisasazwa, kuya kuthatha iminyaka eliqela phambi kokuba sibize ngokwenene isixeko “njengesixeko esikrelekrele”.
Izixeko ezikrelekrele zanamhlanje zingaphezulu kombono kunendlela yobuchule yokuphelisa. Khawucinge ukuba kukho umsebenzi omningi omele wenziwe kwimisebenzi, i-asethi kunye neziseko zophuhliso ukuze ube nesixeko esihlakaniphile ngokwenene, kwaye lo msebenzi unokuguqulelwa kwinguqulelo ehlakaniphile. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana isixeko esilumkileyo sokwenyani kunzima kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu ezibandakanyekayo.
Kwisixeko esilumkileyo, zonke ezi ndawo zixhunyiwe, kwaye oku akuyona into enokufezekiswa ngobusuku. Mininzi imiba yelifa, njengeminye imisebenzi kunye nemimiselo, iiseti zezakhono ezitsha ziyafuneka, unxibelelwano oluninzi kufuneka lwenziwe, kwaye kukho ulungelelwaniso oluninzi ekufuneka lwenziwe kuwo onke amanqanaba (ulawulo lwesixeko, iinkonzo zoluntu, iinkonzo zothutho. , ukhuseleko nokhuseleko, iziseko zophuhliso zoluntu, ii-arhente zikarhulumente wasekhaya kunye neekontraka, iinkonzo zemfundo, njl. njl.).
Ukongezelela, kwi-teknoloji kunye nombono weqhinga, kuyacaca ukuba nathi kufuneka sigxininise ukhuseleko, idatha enkulu, ukuhamba, ifu kunye nobuchwepheshe obuhlukeneyo bokudibanisa, kunye nezihloko ezinxulumene nolwazi. Kucacile ukuba ulwazi, kunye nolawulo lolwazi kunye nemisebenzi yedatha, ibaluleke kakhulu kwisixeko esihlakaniphile sanamhlanje nangomso.
Olunye ucelomngeni olungenakubethwa ngoyaba sisimo sengqondo nokuzimisela kwabemi. Kwaye ukuxhaswa ngemali kweeprojekthi zedolophu ezihlakaniphile ngomnye wemiqobo. Ngale ndlela, kulungile ukubona amalinge karhulumente, nokuba kuzwelonke okanye kuzwelonke, ngokuthe ngqo kwizixeko ezikrelekrele okanye i-ecology, okanye eqaliswe ngabadlali boshishino, njengeCisco's Urban Infrastructure Finance Acceleration Programme.
Kodwa ngokucacileyo, obu bunzima abunqandi ukukhula kwezixeko ezihlakaniphile kunye neeprojekthi zedolophu ezihlakaniphile. Njengoko izixeko zabelana ngamava azo kwaye ziphuhlisa iiprojekthi ezihlakaniphile ezinezibonelelo ezicacileyo, zinethuba lokukhulisa ubuchule bazo kwaye zifunde kwiintsilelo ezinokubakho. Ngomkhombandlela engqondweni oquka abachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo, kwaye oku kuyakwandisa kakhulu amathuba eeprojekthi zexeshana zesixeko esinengqiqo kwixesha elizayo elihlangeneyo.
Thatha umbono obanzi wezixeko ezikrelekrele
Ngelixa izixeko ezikrelekrele zinxulunyaniswa netekhnoloji, umbono wesixeko esikrelekrele ungaphezulu koko. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zesixeko esikrelekrele kukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji efanelekileyo ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi esixekweni.
Njengoko abemi besi sijikelezi-langa besanda, kufuneka kwakhiwe izixeko ezitsha yaye iindawo ezisezidolophini ziyaqhubeka zisanda. Xa isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, iteknoloji ibalulekile ukuhlangabezana nale mingeni kunye nokunceda ukusombulula imingeni emininzi ejongene nezixeko zanamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze wenze ngokwenyani ilizwe lesixeko esilumkileyo, umbono obanzi uyafuneka.
Uninzi lweengcali zithatha umbono obanzi wezixeko ezikrelekrele, zombini ngokweenjongo kunye netekhnoloji, kwaye abanye bangabiza nasiphi na isicelo seselula esiphuhliswe naliphi na icandelo njengesicelo sesixeko esilumkileyo.
1. Imbono yomntu ngaphaya kobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele: ukwenza izixeko zibe ziindawo ezingcono zokuhlala
Nokuba itekhnoloji yethu ikrelekrele kangakanani kwaye ikrelekrele kangakanani ukusebenzisa, kufuneka sijongane nezinto ezisisiseko - abantu, ikakhulu kwiimbono ezi-5, kubandakanya ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembana, ukubandakanywa kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba, ukuzimisela ukutshintsha, ukuzimisela ukwenza, intlalontle. umanyano, njl.
UJerry Hultin, usihlalo weGlobal Future Group, usihlalo weBhodi yeeNgcebiso zeNgqungquthela yesiXeko seSmart City, kunye nengcali yedolophu enamava, uthe, “Sinokwenza izinto ezininzi, kodwa ekugqibeleni, kufuneka siqale ngokwethu.”
Umanyano loluntu lilaphu lesixeko abantu abafuna ukuhlala kuso, bathande, bakhule, bafunde kwaye bakhathalele, ilaphu lehlabathi lesixeko esilumkileyo. Njengemixholo yezixeko, abemi bazimisele ukuba nenxaxheba, batshintshe, baze benze okuthile. Kodwa kwizixeko ezininzi, abaziva bebandakanyiwe okanye becelwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba, kwaye oku kuyinyani ngakumbi phakathi kwabemi abathile kunye nakumazwe apho kugxilwe kakhulu kwithekhinoloji yedolophu ekrelekrele ukuphucula iqumrhu loluntu, kodwa kugxilwe kancinci kumalungelo oluntu asisiseko. kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba.
Ngaphezu koko, iteknoloji inokunceda ekuphuculeni ukhuseleko, kodwa kuthekani ngokuthembana? Emva kohlaselo, izidubedube zezopolitiko, iintlekele zendalo, amahlazo ezopolitiko, okanye ukungaqiniseki okuza namaxesha atshintsha kakhulu kwizixeko ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela, akukho themba lincinci lokuba ukuthembana kwabantu kuya kuncipha kakhulu ukuphuculwa kwesixeko.
Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubuntu besixeko ngasinye kunye nelizwe ngalinye; kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ummi ngamnye; kwaye kubalulekile ukufunda amandla phakathi koluntu, izixeko kunye namaqela abemi kunye nentsebenziswano yabo kunye ne-ecosystem ekhulayo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuxhunyiwe kwizixeko ezihlakaniphile.
2. Inkcazo kunye nombono wesixeko esihlakaniphile ngokwembono yentshukumo
Ingqikelelo, umbono, inkcazo kunye nenyani yesixeko esilumkileyo sihlala siguquguquka.
Ngeendlela ezininzi, kuyinto entle ukuba inkcazo yesixeko esilumkileyo ayibekwa etyeni. Isixeko, singasathethi ke ngommandla wedolophu, siyinto ephilayo kunye ne-ecosystem enobomi bayo kwaye yenziwe ngamacandelo amaninzi ahambayo, aphilayo, aqhagamshelweyo, ikakhulu abemi, abasebenzi, iindwendwe, abafundi, njalo njalo.
Inkcazo esemthethweni jikelele yesixeko "esihlakaniphileyo" inokungahoyi uguquguquko oluphezulu, oluguqukayo kunye nendalo eyohlukeneyo yesixeko.
Ukunciphisa izixeko ezihlakaniphile kwiiteknoloji ezifumana iziphumo ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezixhunyiwe, iinkqubo, uthungelwano lolwazi, kwaye ekugqibeleni ulwazi oluvela kwi-intelligence edibeneyo kunye nesenzo sedatha yindlela enye yokuchaza isixeko esihlakaniphile. Kodwa ayihoyi izinto eziphambili ezahlukahlukeneyo zezixeko nezizwe, ayihoyi imiba yenkcubeko, kwaye ibeka iteknoloji phambili kunye neziko leenjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Kodwa nanjengoko sizivalele kwinqanaba letekhnoloji, kulula ukuyilibala into yokuba itekhnoloji ikwintshukumo engaguqukiyo kwaye ikhawulezayo, kunye namathuba amatsha avelayo, kanye njengoko kuvela imingeni emitsha kwinqanaba lezixeko kunye noluntu njengolu khuphiswano. ngokupheleleyo. Ayibobuchwephesha obuvelayo kuphela, kodwa kwanezimvo nezimo zengqondo abantu abanazo malunga nobo bugcisa, kanye njengokuba bekwinqanaba lezixeko, uluntu kunye nezizwe ngokubanzi.
Kuba obunye ubuchwephesha buvumela iindlela ezingcono zokuqhuba izixeko, ukunceda abemi kunye nokulungiselela imingeni yangoku neyexesha elizayo. Kwabanye, indlela abemi ababandakanyeka ngayo kunye nendlela izixeko eziqhutywa ngayo iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwinqanaba letekhnoloji.
Ke nokuba sinamathela kwinkcazo eyisiseko yesixeko esilumkileyo kwiingcambu zayo zobuchwepheshe, akukho sizathu sokuba le nto ingenakutshintsha, kwaye iya kutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo njengoko iimbono malunga nendima kunye nendawo yetekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela.
Ngaphezu koko, izixeko kunye noluntu, kunye nemibono yezixeko, ayihlukanga kuphela ukusuka kwingingqi ukuya kwingingqi, indawo ukuya kwindawo, kwaye naphakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo oluntu phakathi kwesixeko, kodwa iyaguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-08-2023