Umbhali:梧桐
Ngokutsho kweBluetooth SIG, inguqulelo yeBluetooth 5.4 ikhutshiwe, nto leyo ezisa umgangatho omtsha weethegi zexabiso ze-elektroniki. Kuyaqondakala ukuba uhlaziyo lwetekhnoloji enxulumene noko, kwelinye icala, ithegi yexabiso kwinethiwekhi enye inokwandiswa iye kwi-32640, kwelinye icala, isango linokunxibelelana ngeendlela ezimbini nethegi yexabiso.
Ezi ndaba zenza abantu bazibuze imibuzo embalwa: Zithini izinto ezintsha zobugcisa kwiBluetooth entsha? Iyintoni impembelelo ekusetyenzisweni kweethegi zexabiso ze-elektroniki? Ngaba ziya kutshintsha indlela ekhoyo yezoshishino? Okulandelayo, eli phepha liza kuxoxa ngemiba engentla, indlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lweethegi zexabiso ze-elektroniki.
Kwakhona, Qaphela iThegi yeXabiso le-elektroniki
Ithegi yexabiso le-elektroniki, isixhobo sokubonisa iphepha le-LCD kunye ne-elektroniki esinomsebenzi wokuthumela nokufumana ulwazi, ngonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo ukufezekisa utshintsho lolwazi lwethegi yexabiso. Ngenxa yokuba ingathatha indawo yethegi yexabiso yendabuko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi (ithegi yexabiso le-elektroniki yesikrini se-inki enebhetri ezinamaqhosha ama-2 inokufikelela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemi-5 yokunyamezela), ithandwa kakhulu ngabavelisi abaninzi. Okwangoku, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zorhwebo zasekhaya nezangaphandle ezidumileyo ezifana neWal-Mart, Yonghui, Hema Fresh, Mi home njalo njalo.
Kwaye ithegi yexabiso le-elektroniki ayisiyothegi nje kuphela, kodwa yinkqubo yonke engasemva kwayo. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yethegi yexabiso le-elektroniki ibandakanya amacandelo amane: ithegi yexabiso le-elektroniki (ESL), isikhululo sesiseko esingenazingcingo (ESLAP), ithegi yexabiso le-elektroniki inkqubo ye-SaaS kunye nesiphelo sendlela esiphathwayo (PDA).
Umgaqo wokusebenza kwenkqubo ngulo: vumelanisa ulwazi lwezinto ezithengiswayo kunye nolwazi lwamaxabiso kwiqonga lefu le-SaaS, kwaye uthumele ulwazi kwithegi yexabiso le-elektroniki ngesikhululo sesiseko se-ESL. Emva kokufumana ulwazi, ithegi yexabiso ingabonisa ulwazi olusisiseko lwezinto ezithengiswayo ezifana negama, ixabiso, imvelaphi kunye neenkcukacha ngexesha langempela. Ngokufanayo, ulwazi lwemveliso lungatshintshwa ngaphandle kwe-intanethi ngokuskena ikhowudi yemveliso ngesiphelo sendlela esiphathwayo se-PDA.
Phakathi kwazo, ukuhanjiswa kolwazi kuxhomekeke kubuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo. Okwangoku, kukho iindlela ezintathu zonxibelelwano eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwiithegi zexabiso le-elektroniki: i-433 MHz, i-2.4GHz yabucala, i-Bluetooth, kwaye nganye kwezi ndlela zintathu inezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zayo.
Ngoko ke, iBluetooth yenye yezona protocols zisemgangathweni, kodwa eneneni, kwimarike, ukusetyenziswa kweBluetooth kunye neprotocol yabucala ye-2.4GHz kuyafana. Kodwa ngoku iBluetooth yethegi yexabiso le-elektroniki ukuseka umgangatho omtsha, akunzima ukuyibona, kukubamba ithegi yexabiso le-elektroniki kule marike yesicelo ngakumbi.
Yintoni entsha ngomgangatho we-Bluetooth ESL?
Okwangoku, irediyasi yokugubungela izikhululo zesiseko se-ESL iphakathi kweemitha ezingama-30-40, kwaye inani eliphezulu leethegi ezinokufakwa lihluka ukusuka kwi-1000-5000. Kodwa ngokwe-Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4 yamva nje, phantsi kwenkxaso yetekhnoloji entsha, inethiwekhi inokudibanisa izixhobo ze-ESL ezingama-32,640, ukongeza ekufezekisweni kwezixhobo ze-ESL kunye nonxibelelwano oluhamba ngeendlela ezimbini.
I-Bluetooth 5.4 ihlaziya iimpawu ezimbini ezinxulumene neethegi zexabiso le-elektroniki:
1. Intengiso yexeshana eneempendulo (i-PAwR, intengiso yexeshana eneempendulo)
I-PAwR iza kuvumela ukuphunyezwa kwenethiwekhi yenkwenkwezi enonxibelelwano oluhamba ngeendlela ezimbini, uphawu olukhulisa amandla ezixhobo ze-ESL okufumana idatha nokuphendula kumthumeli. Ukongeza, izixhobo ze-ESL zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amaninzi, kwaye isixhobo ngasinye se-ESL sinedilesi ethile yokwandisa uqhagamshelo kunye nokwenza unxibelelwano oluvela kumntu omnye komnye noluvela kumntu omnye komnye.
Kumfanekiso, i-AP ngumsasazi we-PAwR; i-ESL yithegi yexabiso le-elektroniki (elikwi-GRPS ezahlukeneyo, kunye nee-id ezahlukeneyo); i-subevent yi-subevent; i-rsp slot yi-respond slot. Kumfanekiso, umgca omnyama othe tye yi-AP ethumela imiyalelo kunye neepakethi kwi-ESL, kwaye umgca obomvu othe tye yi-ESL ephendula kwaye ibuyisela kwi-AP.
Ngokwe-Bluetooth Core Specification Version 5.4, i-ESL isebenzisa iskimu sedilesi yesixhobo (i-binary) equlathe ii-ID ze-ESL ze-8-bit kunye nee-ID zeqela ze-7-bit. Kwaye i-ID ye-ESL yahlukile kumaqela ahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, inethiwekhi yesixhobo se-ESL inokuqulatha amaqela afikelela kwi-128, ngalinye kuwo linokuqulatha izixhobo ze-ESL ezizodwa ezifikelela kwi-255 zamalungu eqela. Ngamazwi alula, kunokubakho izixhobo ze-ESL ezingama-32,640 zizonke kwinethiwekhi, kwaye ilebheli nganye inokulawulwa ukusuka kwindawo enye yokufikelela.
2. Idatha yeNtengiso efihliweyo (i-EAD, idatha yosasazo efihliweyo)
I-EAD ikakhulu ibonelela ngemisebenzi yokubethela idatha yokusasaza. Emva kokuba idatha yokusasaza ibethelwe, inokufunyanwa nasiphi na isixhobo, kodwa inokususwa kwi-crypt kwaye iqinisekiswe kuphela sisixhobo esasisabelana ngesitshixo sonxibelelwano ngaphambili. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yolu phawu kukuba umxholo weepakethi zokusasaza uyatshintsha njengoko idilesi yesixhobo itshintsha, nto leyo enciphisa amathuba okulandelelwa.
Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezimbini ezingentla zohlaziyo, iBluetooth iya kuba luncedo ngakumbi kwizicelo ze-elektroniki zestikha. Ingakumbi xa kuthelekiswa ne-433MHz kunye ne-2.4GHz yabucala, azinazo imigangatho yonxibelelwano yamazwe ngamazwe esebenzayo, ukuba nokwenzeka, uzinzo, ukhuseleko alunakuqinisekiswa ngcono, ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko, amathuba okutolika aya kuba makhulu.
Ngokufika komgangatho omtsha, ishishini leethegi zexabiso le-elektroniki lisenokuzisa utshintsho oluthile, ingakumbi abavelisi beemodyuli zonxibelelwano kunye nababoneleli bezisombululo abakwiindawo eziphakathi zeshishini. Kubavelisi bezisombululo zeBluetooth, nokuba baxhase uhlaziyo lwe-OTA lweemveliso ezithengisiweyo kunye nokuba bongeze iBluetooth 5.4 kumgca omtsha wemveliso ngumbuzo ekufuneka uqwalaselwe. Kwaye kubavelisi beenkqubo ezingezizo zeBluetooth, nokuba batshintshe inkqubo ephambili ukuze basebenzise iBluetooth nayo yingxaki.
Kodwa ke kwakhona, ikhula njani imakethi yexabiso le-elektroniki namhlanje, kwaye zeziphi iingxaki ezikhoyo?
Imeko yophuhliso lwemarike kunye nobunzima be-tag yexabiso le-elektroniki
Okwangoku, ngokusebenzisa ukuthunyelwa kwayo okunxulumene nephepha le-elektroniki kuyaziwa, ukuthunyelwa kwexabiso le-elektroniki kugqibe ukukhula konyaka nonyaka.
Ngokwengxelo yekota yoHlalutyo lweMarike ye-ePaper yeHlabathi yeLotu, iimodyuli ze-e-paper ezili-190 lezigidi zathunyelwa kwihlabathi liphela kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zowama-2022, okonyuka nge-20.5% ukusuka kwixesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo. Ngokuphathelele iimveliso zephepha ze-elektroniki, ukuthunyelwa kweelebheli ze-elektroniki kwihlabathi liphela kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala kufikelele kwiziqwenga ezili-180 lezigidi, kunye nokukhula konyaka nonyaka kwe-28.6%.
Kodwa ii-e-tag ngoku zingena emngciphekweni wokufumana ixabiso elinyukayo. Ekubeni iilebhile ze-elektroniki zibonakaliswa bubomi benkonzo ende, kuya kuthatha ubuncinci iminyaka emi-5-10 ukuzitshintsha, ngoko ke akuyi kubakho ukutshintshwa kwesitokhwe kwixesha elide, ngoko ke sinokukhangela kuphela imakethi enyukayo. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki kukuba abathengisi abaninzi bayathandabuza ukutshintshela kwiithegi zexabiso ze-elektroniki. “Abanye abathengisi baye bathandabuza ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-ESL ngenxa yenkxalabo malunga nokuvalelwa kwabathengisi, ukusebenzisana, ukwandiswa kunye nokukwazi ukuyinyusa ukuya kwezinye izicwangciso zokuthengisa ezikrelekrele,” utshilo u-Andrew Zignani, umlawuli woPhando kwi-ABI Research.
Ngokufanayo, ixabiso nalo liyingxaki enkulu. Nangona ixabiso lethegi yexabiso le-elektroniki lihlengahlengiswe kakhulu ukunciphisa iindleko ezininzi zokubeka izinto, lisasetyenziswa kuphela ziivenkile ezinkulu ezifana neWalmart kunye neYonghui kwimarike yokuthengisa. Kwiivenkile ezincinci zoluntu, iivenkile ezithengisa izinto ezincinci kunye neevenkile zeencwadi, ixabiso lazo lisaphezulu. Kwaye kufanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba iithegi zexabiso le-elektroniki nazo ziyimfuneko nje kwiivenkile ezingezizo ezinkulu.
Ngaphezu koko, iimeko zangoku zokusetyenziswa kweethegi zexabiso le-elektroniki zilula kakhulu. Okwangoku, ama-90% eethegi zexabiso le-elektroniki asetyenziswa kwicandelo lokuthengisa, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-10% asetyenziswa kwiimeko zeofisi, zonyango nakwezinye iindawo. I-SES-imagotag, inkampani enkulu kushishino lweethegi zexabiso ledijithali, ikholelwa ukuba ithegi yexabiso ledijithali akufuneki ibe sisixhobo sokubonisa ixabiso elingasebenziyo nje kuphela, kodwa kufuneka ibe yi-microweb yedatha ye-omnihanatic enokunceda abathengi benze izigqibo zokuchitha imali kwaye bonge ixesha kunye neendleko zabaqeshi nabasebenzi.
Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho neendaba ezimnandi ngaphaya kobunzima. Izinga lokungena kweethegi zexabiso le-elektroniki kwimarike yasekhaya lingaphantsi kwe-10%, oko kuthetha ukuba kusekho imarike eninzi ekufuneka isetyenzwe. Kwangaxeshanye, ngokwenziwa ngcono komgaqo-nkqubo wokulawula ubhubhane, ukubuyiselwa kokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ngumkhwa omkhulu, kwaye ukubuyela kwakhona kwecala lokuthengisa kuzayo, oku kukwalithuba elihle lokuba iithegi zexabiso le-elektroniki zifune ukukhula kwimarike. Ngaphezu koko, abadlali abaninzi kuluhlu lweshishini babeka iithegi zexabiso le-elektroniki ngenkuthalo, iQualcomm kunye ne-SES-imagotag ziyasebenzisana kwiithegi zexabiso le-elektroniki ezimiselweyo. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ephezulu kunye nomkhwa wokumisela, iithegi zexabiso le-elektroniki nazo ziya kuba nekamva elitsha.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-21-2023